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Book Chapter

By Robert Voigt
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 1A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 August 2017
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v01a.a0006318
EISBN: 978-1-62708-179-5
... Abstract During the melting and solidification of cast irons, certain trace (minor) elements may unintentionally accumulate to an extent that they have a detrimental effect on the microstructure of castings. This article discusses the residual elements, trace elements, and tramp elements...
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Published: 01 January 1990
Fig. 1 Routes for transport of trace elements in the environment. Source: Ref 1 More
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Published: 01 December 2008
Fig. 8 Effect of trace elements on the stress-rupture properties of alloy 718. Test conditions: 650 °C (1200 °F), 690 MPa (100 ksi). Source: Ref 5 More
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Published: 01 December 2008
Fig. 9 Evaporation of trace elements from Ni-20Cr melts under vacuum. Source: Ref 6 More
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 2A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 November 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v02a.a0006522
EISBN: 978-1-62708-207-5
... Abstract This article discusses the properties of aluminum surface and the applications of aluminum alloys. It explains the effects of trace elements on aluminum alloys. The article considers microstructural development of aluminum in terms of the surface and explains how it will impact...
Book Chapter

Book: Casting
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 15
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v15.a0005200
EISBN: 978-1-62708-187-0
.... It describes the VIM refinement process, which includes the removal of trace elements, nitrogen and hydrogen degassing, and deoxidation. The article concludes with information on the production of nonferrous materials by VIM. deoxidation trace elements vacuum induction melting electrodes refinement...
Book Chapter

By C.R. Heiple, P. Burgardt
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06.a0001334
EISBN: 978-1-62708-173-3
... Abstract High-velocity gas motion occurs in and around the arc during welding. This article describes the phenomena of gas flow in gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) and gas metal arc welding (GMAW). The effect of trace element impurities on GTA weld penetration of selected alloys is presented...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 2
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1990
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v02.a0001115
EISBN: 978-1-62708-162-7
... used methods for ultrapurification of metals produced by electrolytic processes, including fractional crystallization, zone refining, vacuum melting, distillation, chemical vapor deposition, and solid state refining techniques. In addition, it describes the trace element analysis and resistance-ratio...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 10
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 December 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v10.a0006648
EISBN: 978-1-62708-213-6
... Abstract This article provides a brief account of glow discharge mass spectrometry (GDMS) for direct determination of trace elements in solid samples and for fast depth profiling in a great variety of innovative materials. It begins by describing the general principles of GDMS. This is followed...
Book Chapter

By M.E. Bunker, M.M. Minor, S.R. Garcia
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 10
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1986
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v10.a0001748
EISBN: 978-1-62708-178-8
... Abstract Neutron activation analysis (NAA) is a highly sensitive and accurate method of assaying bulk materials for trace levels of many elements. This article provides a detailed account on several types of NAA, namely, nondestructive and radiochemical thermal neutron activation, delayed...
Image
Published: 15 December 2019
Fig. 2 Mass spectrum of an iron-base sample obtained by radio-frequency glow discharge time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Ion signals from plasma gas species and major, minor, and trace elements in the sample are highlighted. m/z, mass/charge number of ions More
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Published: 01 December 2004
Fig. 42 Zinc distribution in a SiC shell after reconstruction from x-ray microfluorescence data. The spatial resolution was limited because available counting time restricted the number of steps. Source: Adapted from M. Naghedolfeizi et al., X-Ray Fluorescence Microtomography Study of Trace More
Image
Published: 01 December 2004
Fig. 43 Zinc distribution in a SiC shell after reconstruction from x-ray microfluorescence data. The spatial resolution was limited because available counting time restricted the number of steps. Source: Adapted from M. Naghedolfeizi et al., X-Ray Fluorescence Microtomography Study of Trace More
Book Chapter

By K.H. Eckelmeyer
Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.a0003250
EISBN: 978-1-62708-199-3
... elemental analyses of major, minor, and trace elements in metals and alloys. Detection Threshold and Precision Threshold sensitivity on the order of tens of parts per million (ppm): 0.001 to 0.01% Precision of quantitative analyses: photographic instruments, ∼5% relative or 0.05% absolute...
Book Chapter

By Bryan E. Tomlin
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 10
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 December 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v10.a0006642
EISBN: 978-1-62708-213-6
... analysis Overview Introduction Neutron activation analysis (NAA) is a highly sensitive and accurate method of assaying bulk materials for major, minor, and trace levels of many elements. Neutron activation analysis has found broad application in materials science and in geological, biological...
Book Chapter

By W. Zhang
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 October 2011
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06a.a0005579
EISBN: 978-1-62708-174-0
... ). In 1982, Heiple and Roper ( Ref 5 ) proposed that surface tension gradients are commonly the dominant forces driving fluid flow in GTA welds, and that these gradients could be drastically altered by very small concentrations of certain trace elements. Surface tension gradients exist on a weld pool surface...
Book Chapter

By Fuhe Li, Hugh E. Gotts
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 10
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 December 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v10.a0006641
EISBN: 978-1-62708-213-6
..., and other classical techniques despite their usefulness for many applications. Today (2019), ICP-MS is recognized as the most widely used and most quantitative technique for trace elemental analysis. ICP-MS provides quantitative elemental concentration, isotopic ratio, and nanoparticle concentration...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4E
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2016
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04e.a0006278
EISBN: 978-1-62708-169-6
... (a) 0.044 0.02 O C10940 … 99.90 Cu (a) 0.085 0.02 O C11000 (c) Electrolytic tough pitch (ETP) copper 99.90 Cu … Oxygen and trace elements can vary, depending on the process. C11010 (c) Remelted high-conductivity (RHC) copper 99.90 … Oxygen and trace elements can vary, depending...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2003
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13a.a0003618
EISBN: 978-1-62708-182-5
... particles generally formed from trace impurity elements that play a predominant role in pitting corrosion. The second category comprises the effects from precipitation of secondary phases and effects from solute remaining in solid solution on corrosion of aluminum. metallurgical effects corrosion...
Book Chapter

By G. Dana Brabson
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 10
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1986
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v10.a0001731
EISBN: 978-1-62708-178-8
... information on how to set up and run a variety of UV/VIS absorption tests. chemical analysis composition concentration profiles sample preparation spectrophotometry surface characterization trace element concentrations ultraviolet/visible absorption spectroscopy Overview Introduction...