Search Results for tooth-by-tooth hardening

Induction hardening is a prominent method in the gear manufacturing industry due to its ability of selectively hardening portions of a gear such as the flanks, roots, and/or tips of teeth with desired hardness, wearing resistance, and contact fatigue strength without affecting the metallurgy of the core. This article provides an overview of gear technology and materials selection. It describes different gear-hardening patterns, namely, tooth-by-tooth hardening, tip-by-tip hardening, gap-by-gap hardening, spin hardening, single-frequency gear hardening, dual-frequency gear hardening, simultaneous dual-frequency gear hardening, and through heating for surface hardening. It provides information on the different inspection methods based on the American Gear Manufacturers Association, revealing metallurgical data, hardness, and dimensions of gears. In addition, the article presents a comparative study on the mechanical properties of contour-hardened and carburized gears. It concludes by describing typical failures of induction-hardened steels and the corresponding prevention methods.

This article focuses on the frequently encountered causes of induction coil failures and typical failure modes in fabrication of hardening inductors, tooth-by-tooth gear-hardening inductors, clamshell inductors, contactless inductors, split-return inductors, butterfly inductors, and inductors for heating internal surfaces. It discusses the current density distribution and the skin effect, the proximity effect, and crack-propagation specifics. The article also describes selected properties of copper alloys, the electromagnetic edge effect of coil copper turn, and the effect of magnetic flux concentrators on coil life. It also reviews the importance of having appropriate and reliable electrical contacts.

Scanners are the most versatile and flexible of the equipment available to the heat treating industry for induction hardening. This article provides a general overview of scanners, and describes various critical factors, including scan speeds, rotational speeds, and center total indicator runout of vertical scanners. It presents information on the frequency selection parameters for scanning applications. The article also discusses the critical parameters and production rates in specifying and developing a tooth-by-tooth hardening process.

This article first reviews variations within the most common types of gears, namely spur, helical, worm, and straight and spiral bevel. It then provides information on gear tooth contact and gear metallurgy. This is followed by sections describing the important points of gear lubrication, the measurement of the backlash, and the necessary factors for starting the failure analysis. Next, the article explains various gear failure causes, including wear, scuffing, Hertzian fatigue, cracking, fracture, and bending fatigue, and finally presents examples of gear and reducer failure analysis.

This article summarizes the various kinds of gear wear, including fatigue, impact fracture, wear, and stress rupture, describes how gear life in service is estimated. It presents the rules concerning lubricants in designing gearing and analyzing failures of gears. The article presents the equations for determining surface durability and life of gears. It tabulates the situations and concepts of pitting failures in gears. The article analyzes some of the more common flaws that affect the life of gear teeth. It reviews the components in the design and structure of each gear and/or gear train that must be considered in conjunction with the teeth.