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Published: 01 January 2006
Fig. 4 Ductility versus hardness for some press-work tool steel grades. Source: Ref 2 More
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 9
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2004
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v09.a0003766
EISBN: 978-1-62708-177-1
... microscopic examination microstructure sectioning specimen mounting tool steel tool steel grades TOOL STEELS can be prepared for macroscopic and microscopic examination using the same basic procedures used for carbon and alloys steels. However, because many tool steels are highly alloyed...
Book Chapter

By George F. Vander Voort
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 August 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11A.a0006818
EISBN: 978-1-62708-329-4
... and die failures are also covered. In addition, the article focuses on a number of factors that are responsible for tool and die failures, including mechanical design, grade selection, steel quality, machining processes, heat treatment operation, and tool and die setup. cold working dies failure...
Book Chapter

By George F. Vander Voort
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0001814
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... picture of the damage, either internal or external. When this work is completed, several other phases of the study can begin. First, the composition of the component should be verified by a reliable method. Tool and die failures occasionally result from accidental use of the wrong grade of steel...
Book Chapter

By Kenneth E. Pinnow, William Stasko
Book: Machining
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 16
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1989
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v16.a0002122
EISBN: 978-1-62708-188-7
... by increasing alloy content, without sacrificing toughness or grindability. Currently, ASP high-speed tool steel is available in three grades: ASP 23, 30, and 60 (ASP 60 can be made only by the powder metallurgy process). The compositions and recommended applications of these grades are given in Table 1...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 7
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 September 2015
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v07.a0006130
EISBN: 978-1-62708-175-7
... or 0.10% S, CPM Rex 7 with 0.07% S, and CPM Rex 86 with 0.12% S. Cold Working and Corrosion-Resistant Tool Steels The choice of PM cold-working HATS is not as large as that of PM HSS and, as with the latter alloy group, the market has focused on a few grades available all around the world...
Book Chapter

By John Y. Riedel
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0009222
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... Abstract This article describes the six fundamental factors that decide a tool's performance. These are mechanical design, grade of tool steel, machining procedure, heat treatment, grinding, and handling. A deficiency in any one of the factors can lead to a tool and die failure. The article...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4D
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 October 2014
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04d.a0005974
EISBN: 978-1-62708-168-9
... using examples. The article provides information on the North American Die-Casting Association's requirements for steel grades and heat treatment of dies made of hot-work tool steels. It also describes the chemical compositions and mechanical and metallurgical properties of hot-work tool steels...
Book Chapter

By K.E. Pinnow, W. Stasko
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 1
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1990
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v01.a0001042
EISBN: 978-1-62708-161-0
... is true of the sulfide inclusions in resulfurized grades. The size distributions of the primary carbides in P/M-produced and conventionally produced T15 have been measured, as shown in Fig. 3 . Most of the carbides in CPM high-speed tool steels are less than about 3 μm (120 μin.), while those...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.a0003152
EISBN: 978-1-62708-199-3
... steel-bonded TiCs used for forming tools and other wear components have achieved commercial success for nonmachining applications. Manufacture of Cemented Carbides All cemented carbide components are manufactured by powder metallurgy (P/M) processing. As described below, the important steps...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4D
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 October 2014
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04d.a0005976
EISBN: 978-1-62708-168-9
... Abstract This article provides a discussion on heat treating practices, namely, carburizing, normalizing, annealing, stress relieving, preheating, austenitizing, quenching, tempering, and nitriding for various grades of mold and corrosion-resistant tool steels. It details the characteristics...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4D
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 October 2014
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04d.a0005975
EISBN: 978-1-62708-168-9
... practices are summarized for two standard groups of high-speed steels and one intermediate group in Table 2 ; note that normalizing of high-speed tool steels is not recommended. Molybdenum high-speed steels (M type), notably the M2 grade, are today the most used high-speed steels worldwide, especially...
Book Chapter

Book: Machining
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 16
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1989
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v16.a0002178
EISBN: 978-1-62708-188-7
... fluid on tool life when drilling grade 32510 malleable iron with high-speed steels. Feed: 0.13 mm/rev (0.005 in./rev). Depth of hole: 25 mm (1 in.). The drill life end point was chosen to be 0.40 mm (0.015 in.) wear land or drill breakdown. Fig. 9 Effect of cutting speed and cutting fluid...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 14B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v14b.a0005140
EISBN: 978-1-62708-186-3
... curved flanges (shrink or stretch) must be made of a higher grade of material. Tool steels are used for moderately long production runs. The following sections describe factors in the selection of materials for press-forming dies. When press forming low-carbon steel, dies are made from a wide range...
Book Chapter

By Francis W. Boulger
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 1
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1990
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v01.a0001033
EISBN: 978-1-62708-161-0
... the chemical ranges permitted by specifications for the grade ( Ref 7 ). Machinability Ratings of Steels It is generally agreed that machinability, as defined by tool life, depends on or correlates with the following characteristics of the workpiece: Structure Chemical composition Dispersion...
Book Chapter

By Alan M. Bayer, Bruce A. Becherer
Book: Machining
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 16
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1989
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v16.a0002121
EISBN: 978-1-62708-188-7
... of approximately one part of molybdenum, by weight, for two parts of tungsten. The melting point of the molybdenum steels is somewhat lower than that of the tungsten grades, and thus they require a lower hardening temperature and have a narrower hardening range. The M-type high-speed tool steels are tougher...
Book Chapter

By A.T. Santhanam, P. Tierney
Book: Machining
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 16
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1989
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v16.a0002124
EISBN: 978-1-62708-188-7
... are used in steel-cutting grades to resist cratering or chemical wear and are produced from metal oxides of titanium, tantalum, and niobium. These oxides are mixed with metallic tungsten powder and carbon. The mixture is heated under a hydrogen atmosphere or vacuum to reduce the oxides and form solid...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.a0003188
EISBN: 978-1-62708-199-3
... alloys cubic boron nitride cutting tool materials high-speed tool steels machining applications material grade selection polycrystalline diamond SELECTING THE PROPER CUTTING TOOL MATERIAL for a specific machining application can provide substantial advantages, including increased productivity...
Book Chapter

By A.T. Santhanam, P. Tierney, J.L. Hunt
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 2
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1990
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v02.a0001104
EISBN: 978-1-62708-162-7
... Abstract Cemented carbides belong to a class of hard, wear-resistant, refractory materials in which the hard carbide particles are bound together, or cemented, by a soft and ductile metal binder. The performance of cemented carbide as a cutting tool lies between that of tool steel and cermets...
Book Chapter

By Kenneth E. Pinnow, Carl J. Dorsch
Book: Machining
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 16
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1989
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v16.a0002182
EISBN: 978-1-62708-188-7
... and Selection: Irons, Steels, and High-Performance Alloys , Volume 1, and “Particle Metallurgy Tool Steels” in Powder Metal Technologies and Applications , Volume 7 of the ASM Handbook . Commercial ASP tool steel compositions Table 1 Commercial ASP tool steel compositions ASP grade Composition...