This article is a brief guide to information sources on nondestructive testing (NDT). It provides examples of some of the standards bodies commonly used by NDT personnel. These include the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) International, European Committee for Standardization (CEN), American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), International Organization for Standardization (ISO), Aerospace Industries Association (AIA), American Welding Society (AWS), American Petroleum Institute (API), and American Society for Nondestructive Testing (ASNT). All of these organizations used industry subject-matter experts and a consensus process in the development of their codes and standards.

This article presents the history of standardization in additive manufacturing (AM). It explains the need and structure for standardization in AM, including the application of AM standards by the industry sector. It also presents the primary purposes of these standards to create AM qualification and certification frameworks.

This article contains a table that lists the ISO standards for the biological evaluation of medical devices.

As a failure investigation progresses, the time arrives when the data and results of the various testing and analyses are compiled, compared, and interpreted. Data interpretation should be relatively straightforward for results that align well. However, interpretation can be challenging when results from various tests seem contradictory or inconclusive. Regardless, conclusions must eventually be drawn from the data. This article discusses the processes involved in reviewing data, formulating conclusions, failure analysis report preparation and writing, and providing recommendations and follow-up with appropriate personnel to prevent future failures.

This article provides a perspective on United States (U.S.) Department of Defense (DOD) specifications, standards, handbooks, and related documents, as well as their role in the corrosion prevention and control activities in the U.S. military.

A corrosionist refers to a corrosion engineer, a corrosion technician, a corrosion scientist, a chemist, a physicist, an electrical engineer, a mechanical engineer, a coatings or plastics salesperson, a corrosion consultant, or a plant operator. This article presents an overview of statistical inference and addresses the commonly used statistical tools and tests. It describes the science and engineering of materials, including metals, polymers, and ceramics. The article explores the principles of various surface-sensitive techniques and the usefulness and limitations of these techniques. The techniques are divided into those that provide insight into surface topography and surface structure, and those that provide understanding of chemical nature and identity. The article presents a list of web sites and print media addressing corrosion and related topics in five different areas: societies and associations; corrosion standards, specifications, and recommended practices; sources of corrosion information; corrosion databases and data compilations; and other web resources.

This article provides a summary of the concepts discussed in the Section “Corrosion in Specific Industries” in the ASM Handbook, Volume 13C:Corrosion: Environments and Industries. This Section applies the fundamental understanding of corrosion and knowledge of materials of construction to practical applications. The industries addressed are nuclear power, fossil and alternative fuel, land transportation, air transportation, microelectronics, chemical processing, pulp and paper, food and beverage, pharmaceutical and medical technology, petroleum and petrochemical, building, and mining and metal processing.

Remarkable changes in information technology have occurred, and information and data are now routinely available by way of the World Wide Web. This article lists selected information sources and databases and demonstrates the way they are accessed. It presents information for a corrosionist in five areas: societies and associations addressing corrosion and related topics; corrosion standards, specifications, recommended practices, and related topics; sources of corrosion information; corrosion databases and data compilations; and other web resources.

Environmental and worker health regulations have increased the costs associated with cadmium coating application and cadmium-beating waste disposal, thus creating economic incentives for industrial users to seek cadmium plating replacements. This article presents a cadmium replacement identification matrix that includes information on the specifications, corrosion control performance, environment-assisted cracking, coating lubricity, environmental and worker health regulations, and cost and performance factors for various replacement processes.

This article describes the types of repair and presents reasons for avoiding damage to a structure or component during repair. It discusses the major standardization issues with emphasis on design, repair materials, repair techniques, and inspection.

Documentation must be focused toward explaining a specific task such as design process, by conveying the needs of product engineering, materials engineering, and manufacturing. This article describes how documentation supports the process of bringing a product to market, who uses the information, and how it serves as a key form of communication, with examples. It discusses the key features that most documents must define. The article describes the requirements of engineering and manufacturing and how drawings are used as a communication medium.

Beryllium possesses an unusual combination of physical and mechanical properties, suiting it for specialized applications where its relatively high cost can be justified. It has very low density, a moderately high melting point, high elastic modulus, and good electrical and thermal conductivity. The article describes structural, instrument, and optical grade beryllium and the corresponding compositional ranges. It also discusses processing and product forms as well as factors affecting corrosion resistance. The article concludes with a short note on health and safety considerations when handling beryllium.

This article presents an overview of the rules, regulations, and techniques implemented to minimize the safety hazards associated with welding, cutting, and allied processes. Safety management, protection of the work area, process-specific safety considerations, and robotic and electrical safety are discussed. The article explains the use of personal protective equipment and provides information on protection against fumes, gases, and electromagnetic radiation. It concludes with a discussion on safe handling of compressed gases as well as the prevention and protection of fire and explosion.

This article is a brief guide to information sources on thermal spray technology. The sources provided by ASM International and the Thermal Spray Society (TSS) include magazines and journals as well as reference books, including the ASM Handbook series, conference proceedings, newsletters, education courses, and videos. The article provides information on the specifications, standards, and quality control for coatings.

To improve the performance of additive manufacturing (AM) systems, a critical need exists for collaborative generation, acquisition, curation, and analysis of digital AM data across the product life cycle. This article discusses the history, development, and potential benefits of the AM Common Data Dictionary (AM-CDD), along with future directions.

This article discusses the various roles and responsibilities of materials engineers in a product realization organization and suggests different ways in which materials engineers may benefit their organization. It also provides a summary of the concepts discussed in the articles under the Section “The Role of the Materials Engineer in Design” in ASM Handbook, Volume 20: Materials Selection and Design.

The article provides an overview of the various types of testing machines: gear-driven or screw-driven machines and servohydraulic machines. It examines force application systems, force measurement, and strain measurement. The article discusses important instrument considerations and describes gripping techniques of test specimens. It analyzes test diagnostics and reviews the use of computers for gathering and reducing data. Emphasis is placed on universal testing machines with separate discussions of equipment factors for tensile testing and compressing testing. The influence of the machine stiffness on the test results is also described, along with a general assessment of test accuracy, precision, and repeatability of modern equipment.

This article describes the commonly observed forms of airplane corrosion, namely: general corrosion, exfoliation corrosion, pitting corrosion, microbiologically induced corrosion, galvanic corrosion, filiform corrosion, crevice corrosion, stress-corrosion cracking, and fretting. It discusses the factors influencing airplane corrosion from the manufacturing perspective: design, manufacturing, and service-related factors. The article explains the collection of corrosion data and provides an overview of the implementation and evolution of airline corrosion prevention and control programs and directions being considered in the design for corrosion prevention of airplanes.