Search Results for titanium recycling

Many nonferrous metals, including aluminum, nickel, copper, and others, are among the few materials that do not degrade or lose their chemical or physical properties in the recycling process. As a result, these metals can be recycled an infinite number of times. This article focuses on the recycling of nonferrous alloys, namely, aluminum, copper, magnesium, tin, lead, zinc, and titanium, providing details on the sources, consumption and classification of scrap, and the technological trends and developments in recycling.

This article focuses on the techniques used in recycling of aluminum metal matrix composites (MMCs) such as discontinuous SiC reinforced aluminum MMCs and continuous reinforced aluminum MMCs. It provides a discussion on the properties of recycled aluminum MMCs and disposal of aluminum MMCs.

This article focuses on the recycling of metals including iron and steel, stainless steel, superalloys, nickel, aluminum, copper, precious metals, lead, magnesium, tin, titanium, and zinc. It provides information on the identification and sorting of scrap metals and discusses the equipment and procedures used for small-scale and large-scale scrapping operations.

Plasma melting is a material-processing technique in which the heat of thermal plasma is used to melt a material. This article discusses two typical design principles of plasma torches in the transferred mode: the tungsten tip design and the hollow copper electrode design. It describes the sources of atmospheric contamination in plasma melting furnaces and their control measures. The equipment used in plasma melting furnaces are also discussed. The article provides a detailed discussion on various plasma melting processes, such as plasma consolidation, plasma arc remelting, plasma cold hearth melting, and plasma casting.

Titanium has been recognized as an element with good mechanical and physical properties, alloying characteristics, and corrosion resistance. Providing an outline of general characteristics and types of titanium alloys, this article discusses the contemporary technology of titanium along with its market developments. It also discusses the application of titanium and titanium alloys in corrosive environments and in aerospace and automotive industries. The article describes the developments in titanium processing and materials technologies, which include the development of sponge production and melting processes, oxide dispersion-strengthened alloys by powder metallurgy techniques, titanium-base intermetallic compounds, and titanium-matrix composites.

This article discusses the methods and procedures used to extract, purify, and synthesize tungsten carbide powder, metal, and other refractory carbide/nitride powders used in hard metal production. Selection of powders, additives, equipment, and processes for making ready-to-press hard metal powders is also discussed. The article also provides information on the emerging technologies for tungsten carbide synthesis and binders in hard metal production, such as cobalt, iron, and nickel.

This article discusses postconsumer plastics recyclate quantities, the classification of plastics recycling into primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary categories, and how the life cycle of plastics is affected by recycling. The recycling processes of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), which accounts for the largest percentage of plastic recycling, high-density polyethylene (HDPE) plastics, the other large-volume plastic recyclate, as well as vinyl resins and polycarbonate resins are described. The life cycle of plastics has four phases: poly formation, part fabrication, product service, and disposal. Landfilling is still the primary method of final disposal, and incineration is another option, but recycling has become a viable alternative. The article presents a comparison between secondary and tertiary recycling.

A significant amount of the worldwide demand for metals is met with recycled materials acquired by metal producers in the form of purchased scrap. This article focuses primarily on the methods and technology used to process and repurpose the vast amounts of purchased scrap that recirculate in the industrial supply chain. It describes the U.S. market for iron and steel scrap, providing information on scrap use by industry, factors influencing demand, and the purchased scrap supply. Iron and steel recycling is discussed separately from stainless steel and superalloy recycling in this article, as the scrap industry treats them differently. The scrap processing of iron involves collection, separation and sorting, size reduction and compaction, detinning, blending, and incineration. The recycling of stainless steels and superalloys follows the same process, but requires several additional steps, including secondary nickel refining, degreasing, and separation of metallurgical wastes.

This article describes post-processing techniques for machining, finishing, heat treating, and deburring used to remove additive manufacturing (AM) metallic workpieces from a base plate and subsequent techniques to enhance printed workpieces. The AM processes include powder bed fusion, binder jetting, and direct energy deposition. The discussion provides information on powder removal, powder recycling and conditioning, part removal, and part enhancement. The mechanism, applications, advantages, and limitations of mechanical, radiation, and chemical-finishing processes as well as the properties of the resulting material are also covered.

This article provides an overview of the supply chain for metallic additively manufactured materials, with an emphasis on spherical alloy powders. The article describes powder production processes as well as the various metal alloys that can be produced using powder AM techniques. It also reviews the basic characteristics of powder feedstocks and the management of metallic powders.

Electron beam melting includes melting, refining, and conversion processes for metals and alloys. This article describes the electron beam melting process, as well as the principles, equipment, and process considerations of drip melting and cold hearth melting process.

Nonferrous metals and alloys are widely used to resist corrosion. This article describes the corrosion behavior of the most widely used nonferrous metals, such as aluminum, copper, nickel, and titanium. It also provides information on several specialty nonferrous products that cannot easily be categorized by elemental base.

The distinguishing feature of the cold spray process, when compared with the conventional thermal spray process, is its ability to produce coatings with high-velocity rather than high-temperature particle jet. This article provides an overview of the cold spray process and the parameters that affect both the process deposition efficiency and properties of the prepared coatings. It describes a variety of cold spray coating materials, namely, pure metals, ferrous and nonferrous metal alloys, composites, and cermets. The article presents various industrial applications of cold spray coatings.

Engineering design should result in a product that performs its function efficiently and economically within the prevailing legal, social, safety, and reliability requirements. This introductory article discusses some key considerations in design, material selection, and manufacturing that a materials engineer should take into account to satisfy such requirements. It includes a brief section on concurrent engineering, which companies use to ensure that all needed input is obtained and addressed concurrently throughout the product lifecycle, including material selection and processing, product design, cost analysis, manufacturing, recyclability, and performance.

Additive manufacturing, or three-dimensional printing technologies, for biomedical applications is rather different from other engineering components, particularly for biomedical implants that are intended to be used within the human body. This article contains two sections: "Design and Manufacturing Considerations of 3D-Printed, Commercially Pure Titanium and Titanium Alloy-Based Orthopedic Implants" and "Device Testing Considerations Following FDA Guidance" for additive-manufactured medical devices. These are further subdivided into five major focus areas: materials; design, printing, printing characteristics and parameters as well as postprinting validation; removal of the many manufacturing material residues and sterilization; physical, chemical, and mechanical assessments of the final devices; and biological considerations of all the final devices including biocompatibility.

Grinding is an extremely complex process that requires the consideration of a number of elements in order to make a reasonably adroit initial selection of a fluid or fluids for a manufacturing plant. In addition, the disposal of grinding wastes must meet the minimum requirements as recommended by the federal Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) regulations. This article explains the selection considerations of such fluids, as well as the applications and environmental issues related to the grinding processes.

This article reviews the melt processing and casting of non-ferrous alloys, such as nickel alloys, titanium alloys, and lead alloys. It describes the lead refining steps, namely, copper drossing, softening, desilvering, zinc removal, bismuth removal, and final refining.

This article presents a background of green chemistry and green coatings, and a summary of the key concerns of the green coating procurement process. It includes a discussion on green marketing and the seven sins of greenwashing, an overview of the environmental certification standards and regulatory environments, and the importance of performance during the duty cycle.