Fig. 5 Comparison of electron beam spreading in thin foils and bulk targets. (a) Thin foil specimen, AEM. (b) Bulk specimen, SEM More

Fig. 36 Same alloy as in Fig. 35 . Three grains observed in the thin foil parallel to the chill surface prepared by ion milling Transmission electron micrograph. Magnification: 100,000×. Courtesy of D. Shechtman. Source: Ref 7 More

Fig. 38 Thin-foil transmission electron micrograph of vacuum-atomized Al-8Fe powder. The green powder compact was electropolished at −30 °C (−22 °F) in 950 mL methanol, 50 mL HClO 4 , and 15 mL HNO 3 . Magnification: 6300×. Courtesy of W.J. Boettinger, L. Bendersky, and J.G. Early. Source More

Fig. 6 Dislocation loops produced by vacancy precipitation in germanium. Thin-foil electron micrograph. 60,000×. Courtesy of D.M. Maher More

Fig. 11 Dislocations in a small-angle tilt boundary in gold. Thin-foil transmission electron micrograph. See also Fig. 10 24,000×. Courtesy of R.W. Balluffi More

Fig. 12 Dislocations in a small-angle twist boundary in gold. Thin-foil transmission electron micrograph. See also Fig. 10 Courtesy of R.W. Balluffi More

Fig. 5 Thin-foil transmission electron micrograph illustrating the substructure of upper bainite plates in a 2340 steel, austenitized at 1095 °C (2000 °F) and isothermally transformed at 540 °C (1000 °F) for 15 h. Source: Ref 6 More

Fig. 7 Transmission electron micrograph of thin foil of an aluminum alloy. Fractured elongated dispersoids can be clearly seen, along with one or two possible interface separations that led to voids. Courtesy of Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. Source: Ref 21 More

Fig. 25 Thin-foil electron micrograph showing the cell structure in a transverse section of an iron wire drawn to 98% reduction. Original magnification 12,000×. Courtesy of R.C. Glenn More

Fig. 34 Thin-foil electron micrograph of a single copper crystal deformed 10%, showing arrays of prismatic dislocation loops (at A ) and interaction of dislocations with spherical particles of silicon dioxide (at arrows). Original magnification 6000×. Courtesy of J. Humphries More

Fig. 37 Thin-foil electron micrograph of a twin band in iron deformed 5% in tension at −195 °C (−320 °F) showing both of the boundaries (at A ), several diagonal internal walls (at B ), and a boundary indentation (at C ). Original magnification 6700× More

Fig. 5 Thin-foil bright-field transmission electron micrographs showing (a) planar distribution of dislocations and (b) bundle of stacking faults revealed by selection of (111) reflection of UNS S31600 stainless steel. Source: Ref 6 More

Fig. 6 Plan view thin-foil bright-field transmission electron microscopy image showing grains A, B, and C of expanded austenite and their respective selected-area electron diffraction patterns. Some phase-decomposition regions are indicated on the B grain surface (white arrows More

Fig. 7 Thin-foil dark-field micrographs showing (a) two sets of stacking faults and (b) 10 to 15 nm-sized rounded nitride particles found after plasma nitriding of UNS S31600 stainless steel at 450 °C (840 °F). The selected reflections for imaging are indicated in the respective selected-area More

Fig. 71 Dislocation cell structure developed by cold rolling ETP copper. Thin foil TEM specimen More

Fig. 1 Characteristic x-ray spectra. (a) Without a filter. (b) With a thin-foil monochromator and a crystal monochromator More

Fig. 52 Ti-8.5Mo-0.5Si water quenched from 1000 °C (1830 °F). Thin-foil transmission electron micrograph illustrating heavily twinned athermal α″ martensite. 5000×. Courtesy of J.C. Williams More

Fig. 20 Concentration profiles for carburizing a thin foil of metal as a function of time. At zero time, the film has a concentration of C 0 , except at the surface where the atmosphere holds the concentration at C sat . More

Fig. 8 Light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (thin foil) views of AISI 8620 alloy steel after tempering at various temperatures. All specimens were water quenched from 900 °C (1650 °F) prior to tempering. Light microscopy: 2% nital, 500×; TEM: 25,000× More

Fig. 9 Light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (thin foil) views of AISI 5160 alloy steel after tempering at various temperatures. All specimens were oil quenched from 803 °C (1525 °F) prior to tempering. Light microscopy: 2% nital, 500×; TEM: 25,000× More