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Book Chapter

Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 18
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 December 2017
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v18.a0006436
EISBN: 978-1-62708-192-4
... Abstract This article describes the surface modification treatments used to modify the tribological properties of titanium alloys. These include physical vapor deposition and thermochemical conversion treatments. The physical vapor deposition includes ion implantation, sputtering, evaporation...
Book Chapter

By Craig Zimmerman
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04a.a0005772
EISBN: 978-1-62708-165-8
... in a boronaceous medium that becomes consumed during processing, which is typically costly and more labor-intensive than other thermochemical surface-hardening treatments, such as carburizing and nitriding. Both carburizing and nitriding case-hardening processes have a cost advantage over boriding, mainly because...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4D
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 October 2014
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04d.a0005959
EISBN: 978-1-62708-168-9
... material choice for its combination of strength and anticorrosion properties. Surface engineering is common practice for improvement of wear performance. Traditional thermochemical treatments for surface engineering, for example, nitriding, carburizing, and nitrocarburizing, are carried out in carbon...
Book Chapter

By R.C. Tucker, Jr.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05a.a0005707
EISBN: 978-1-62708-171-9
... Abstract Coatings and other surface modifications are used for a variety of functional, economic, and aesthetic purposes. Two major applications of thermal spray coatings are for wear resistance and corrosion resistance. This article discusses thermal (surface hardening) and thermochemical...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1994
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05.a0001311
EISBN: 978-1-62708-170-2
... as well as sprayed and sol-gel coatings and laser and electron-beam treatments. anodizing buffing chemical conversion coatings chemical vapor deposition cleaning diffusion treatment electron beam treatment finishing grease removal ion implantation laser treatment oxidation resistance...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 7
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 September 2015
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v07.a0006095
EISBN: 978-1-62708-175-7
...) Thermomechanical processing for standard mill product (plate, sheet, forgings, and extrusions), such as hot rolling, forging, and extrusion The mechanical properties of PM titanium products also depend on the final product heat treatment, and chemical and/or thermochemical processing, if the latter steps...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 18
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 December 2017
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v18.a0006420
EISBN: 978-1-62708-192-4
... and titanium-boride layers, respectively. Boronized components placed in highly erosive and abrasive operating conditions have more than three times the service life of components processed using traditional heat treatments such as neutral hardening, carburizing, carbonitriding, ferritic nitrocarburizing...
Book Chapter

By J.R. Davis
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1994
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05.a0001304
EISBN: 978-1-62708-170-2
... steel chromate conversion coatings chromium plating cleaning conversion coatings electrochemical finishing electrogalvanizing electroless nickel plating electroplating finishing hardfacing heat treatment high-strength low-alloy steel hot dip coatings ion implantation laser surface...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 09 June 2014
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04c.a0005903
EISBN: 978-1-62708-167-2
... Abstract Interplays of metallurgical factors, such as dissolved oxygen, carbon, and silicon content, that control the molten metal from melting to pouring, have a decisive influence on the quality of the castings. This article focuses on the magnesium treatment and desulfurization carried out...
Book Chapter

By Mustafa Guclu
Book: Casting
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 15
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v15.a0005337
EISBN: 978-1-62708-187-0
... (such as thermochemical treatment, or TCT; constitutional solution treatment, or CST; and HTH, in Table 6 ) that result in very high tensile strength (as high as 1124 MPa, or 163 ksi) with tensile elongation as high as 8% ( Table 7 ). Tensile properties and fracture toughness of Ti-6Al-4V cast coupons compared...
Book Chapter

By E. Protopopoff, P. Marcus
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2003
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13a.a0003579
EISBN: 978-1-62708-182-5
... in the article “Potential versus pH (Pourbaix) Diagrams” in this Section of the Volume. Thermodynamics of Chemical Equilibria The object of chemical thermodynamics is to develop a mathematical treatment of the chemical equilibria and the driving forces behind chemical reactions. The desire is to catalog...
Book

Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1994
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05.9781627081702
EISBN: 978-1-62708-170-2
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1994
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05.a0005585
EISBN: 978-1-62708-170-2
... and the substrate, or its strength. See also adhesive bond, mechanical bond, and metallic bond. bond coat. In thermal spraying, a preliminary (or prime) coat of material which improves adherence of the subsequent thermal spray deposit. boriding. Thermochemical treatment involving the enrichment of the surface layer...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 October 2011
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06a.a0005631
EISBN: 978-1-62708-174-0
... filler metals. The wire surface reflects considerable amounts of energy and reduces the energy efficiency of the process. As with arc welding processes, metallurgical considerations such as preweld and postweld heat treatments are also applicable to laser welding. Under special circumstances...
Book Chapter

By J.R. Davis
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1994
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05.a0001305
EISBN: 978-1-62708-170-2
... Abstract Passivation; pickling, that is, acid descaling; electropolishing; and mechanical cleaning are important surface treatments for the successful performance of stainless steel used for piping, pressure vessels, tanks, and machined parts in a wide variety of applications. This article...
Book Chapter

By Seymour Katz
Book: Casting
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 15
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v15.a0005189
EISBN: 978-1-62708-187-0
... (for example, by heat treatment). This article introduces the fundamental concepts of chemical thermodynamics and chemical kinetics in describing presolidification phenomena. Thermodynamics defines the most stable chemical system (equilibrium system) that can be produced, given a set of starting conditions...
Book

Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 September 2014
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04b.9781627081665
EISBN: 978-1-62708-166-5
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 January 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0006787
EISBN: 978-1-62708-295-2
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 1A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 August 2017
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v01a.a0006329
EISBN: 978-1-62708-179-5
... Abstract Foundry practices critical to the production of cast irons include melting, alloying, molten metal treatment, pouring, and the design of feeding systems (gating and risering) to allow proper filling of the casting mold. This article reviews these production stages of iron foundry...
Book Chapter

By B. Mishra
Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.a0003169
EISBN: 978-1-62708-199-3
... ore, such as the occurrence of gold in copper ores, the presence of silver in lead ores, and the recovery of molybdenum from copper ores. Finally, the presence of certain impurities may increase the cost of treatment or even make processing unfeasible; examples are arsenic in copper ores and bismuth...