Search Results for thermal expansion-modulus chart

Properties of an engineering material have a characteristic range of values that are conveniently displayed on materials selection charts. This article describes the plotting of data on these charts. It discusses the features of various types of material property charts, namely, modulus-density, strength-density, fracture toughness-density, modulus-strength, specific stiffness-specific strength, fracture toughness-modulus, fracture toughness-strength, loss coefficient-modulus, thermal conductivity-thermal diffusivity, thermal expansion-thermal conductivity, thermal expansion-modulus, and normalized strength-thermal expansion charts. The article examines the use of material property charts in presenting information in a compact and easily accessible manner.

This article defines performance indices in a formal way and specifies how they are derived. The performance indices for a light, strong tie and a light, stiff beam are presented. The article presents two case studies that illustrate the use of material indices, shape factors, and selection charts to select materials.

This article describes the process of materials selection in relation to the design process, such as materials selection for a new design and materials substitution for an existing design. It reviews the performance characteristics of materials using prototype tests or field tests to determine their performance under actual service conditions. The article describes the selection of a material in relation to the manufacturing process and presents the factors that influence materials selection based on costs and related aspects. These factors include metallurgical requirements, dimensions, processing, quantity, packing, marking, and loading. The article discusses how the needs for materials data evolve as a design proceeds from conceptual to detail design. It describes the methods of materials selection, namely, cost per unit property method, weighted property index method, and limits on properties method.

The role of an engineer in designing risers is to make sure that risers provide the feed metal in the right amount, at the right place, and at the right time. This article addresses feed metal volume, riser location, and duration of liquid feed metal. It discusses the three types of feeding systems used in riser design: riser sleeves, topping compounds, and breaker cores.

This article discusses the properties and uses of structural ceramics and the basic processing steps by which they are made. It describes raw material preparation, forming and fabrication, thermal processing, and finishing. It provides information on the composition, microstructure, and properties of aluminum oxides, aluminum titanate, silicon carbide, boron carbide, zirconia, silicon nitride, silicon-aluminum-oxynitride, and several ceramic composites. It also explains how these materials maintain their mechanical strength and dimensional tolerances at high temperatures and how some of their shortcomings are being addressed.

This article presents an overview of the techniques used in the design for heat treatment and discusses the primary criteria for design: minimization of distortion and undesirable residual stresses. It provides theoretical and empirical guidelines to understand the sources of common heat treat defects. A simple example is presented to demonstrate how thermal and phase-transformation-induced strains cause dimensional changes and residual stresses. The article concludes with a discussion on the heat treatment process modeling technology.

Reinforcing fibers are a key component of polymer-matrix composites (PMCs), ceramic-matrix composites (CMCs), and metal-matrix composites (MMCs). This article discusses the mechanical and nonmechanical properties of these composites. It presents an overview of PMC, CMC, and MMC reinforcing fibers. The article describes cost-considered value-in-use of the ultimate-use temperature of selected fibers in three fiber categories: metal fibers or wires, oxide ceramic fibers, and non-oxide ceramic fibers.

The properties of unidirectional composite (UDC) materials are quite different from those of conventional, metallic materials. This article provides information on the treatment of UDC stress-strain relations in the forms appropriate for analysis of thin plies of material. It explains the development of the relations between mid-surface strains and curvatures and membrane stress and moment resultants. The article discusses the properties, such as thermal expansion, moisture expansion, and conductivity, of symmetric laminates and unsymmetric laminates. It describes the distribution of temperature and moisture through the thickness of a laminate. Stresses caused due to mechanical loads, temperature, and moisture on the laminate are analyzed. The article concludes with information on interlaminar cracking, free-edge delamination, and transverse cracks of laminates.

This article begins with a discussion on the criteria for evaluating computer programs for composites structural analysis, including database capabilities, types of engineering calculations supported, interface and operating systems, and technical support. It describes the capabilities of programs, such as CompositePro, ESAComp, and V-Lab that provide a graphical interface, built-in databases, and integrated modules for the different types of analyses. The article reviews the modules of other programs used for composite analysis. The programs include ASCA, CADEC, CoDA, COMPASS, ESDU, LAP, PROMAL, and SACL. The article concludes with information on on-line programs and recourses.

This article discusses the various tests applied to a thermal barrier coating system and to the zirconia layer to establish thermomechanical, environmental stability, and thermal design properties such as coefficient of thermal expansion, specific heat, and thermal transport properties. Thermal fatigue testing and the test for evaluating oxidation resistance of the bond coat is also discussed.

This article is a comprehensive collection of engineering property data in tabulated form for ceramics and glasses. Data are provided for physical and mechanical properties of ceramic materials and color of ceramics fired under oxidizing and reducing conditions. The article also lists the materials characterization techniques for ceramics and glasses.

This article presents the following characteristics of pure metals : structure, chemical composition, mass characteristics, thermal properties, electrical properties, chemical properties, magnetic properties, optical properties, fabrication characteristics, nuclear properties, and mechanical properties.

The selection of engineered materials is an integrated process that requires an understanding of the interaction between materials properties, manufacturing characteristics, design considerations, and the total life cycle of the product. This article classifies various engineered materials, including ferrous alloys, nonferrous alloys, ceramics, cermets and cemented carbides, engineering plastics, polymer-matrix composites, metal-matrix composites, ceramic-matrix and carbon-carbon composites, and reviews their general property characteristics and applications. It describes the synergy between the elements of the materials selection process and presents a general comparison of material properties. Finally, the article provides a short note on computer aided materials selection systems, which help in proper archiving of materials selection decisions for future reference.

Metal matrix composites (MMCs) can be synthesized by vapor phase, liquid phase, or solid phase processes. This article emphasizes the liquid phase processing where solid reinforcements are incorporated in the molten metal or alloy melt that is allowed to solidify to form a composite. It illustrates the three broad categories of MMCs depending on the aspect ratio of the reinforcing phase. The categories include continuous fiber-reinforced composites, discontinuous or short fiber-reinforced composites, and particle-reinforced composites. The article discusses the two main classes of solidification processing of composites, namely, stir casting and melt infiltration. It describes the effects of reinforcement present in the liquid alloy on solidification. The article examines the automotive, space, and electronic packaging applications of MMCs. It concludes with information on the development of select cast MMCs.

This article focuses on the necessary basics for thermomechanical fusion welding simulations and provides an overview of the specific aspects to be considered for a simulation project. These aspects include the required material properties, experimental data needed for validation of the simulation results, simplifications and assumptions as a prerequisite for modeling, and thermomechanical simulation. The article concludes with information on the sensitivity of the material properties data with respect to the simulation results. It also provides hints on the central challenge of having the right material properties at hand for a specific simulation task.

Elastomers belong to a group of materials known as polymers that acquire their properties and strength from their molecular weight, chain entanglements, and crystalline regions. This article focuses on the use of elastomers as seals and describes its performance capabilities from the point of a sealant. The important technical concepts that define the performance capabilities of the elastomeric part include polymer architecture (molecular building blocks), compounding (the ingredients within the polymer), and vulcanization of the elastomer shape. The article discusses the aggressiveness of the chemical environment, temperature, and minor constituents in the environment and in the material itself that affect the chemical resistance of the elastomer. It provides a discussion on performance evaluation methods, namely, immersion testing and application specific testing that are determined using ISO and ASTM standards. The article concludes with information on elastomer failure modes and failure analysis.

This article focuses on the basic metallurgy and machining parameters of classes of depleted and enriched uranium alloys. It provides information on the health precautions applicable to the machining of depleted uranium alloys. The article also discusses tool wear and the types of tools used in uranium alloy machining.

This article begins with a brief history of composite materials and discusses its characteristics. It presents an introduction to the constituents, product forms, and fabrication processes of composite materials. The article concludes with a discussion on the applications of organic-matrix, metal-matrix, and ceramic-matrix composites.