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Book Chapter

By M.F. Ashby
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 20
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1997
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v20.a0002452
EISBN: 978-1-62708-194-8
... coefficient-modulus chart material property charts modulus-density chart modulus-strength chart normalized strength-thermal expansion chart specific stiffness-specific strength chart strength-density chart thermal conductivity-thermal diffusivity chart thermal expansion-modulus chart thermal...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1994
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05.a0001299
EISBN: 978-1-62708-170-2
... , and dT / dx is the temperature gradient. Alternatively, conductivity can be determined from: (Eq 5) λ = α C p ρ where α is the thermal diffusivity, C p is the specific heat, and ρ is the density. It should be noted that thermal conductivity cannot be measured directly. Equation 4...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 September 2014
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04b.a0005993
EISBN: 978-1-62708-166-5
... thicknesses and thermal conductivities( Fig. 2 ). The contact resistance between layers is negligible. To determine the heat flow rate, Q , and temperature profile, T , of the structure, assuming one-dimensional heat conduction, the analogy between the diffusion and electric current can be extended...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 22A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2009
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v22a.a0005449
EISBN: 978-1-62708-196-2
... thicknesses and thermal conductivities ( Fig. 2 ). The contact resistance between layers is negligible. To determine the heat flow rate, Q , and temperature profile, T , of the structure, assuming one-dimensional heat conduction, the analogy between the diffusion and electric current can be extended...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 09 June 2014
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04c.a0005898
EISBN: 978-1-62708-167-2
... of the Heat Diffusion Equation Transient Thermal Field for Medium with Constant Thermal Conductivity For a constant value of thermal conductivity, λ ∼ constant, Eq 14 becomes: (Eq 19) ∂ T ∂ t = λ γ c p div ( grad T ) + q vol γ c p...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 22B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 2010
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v22b.a0005529
EISBN: 978-1-62708-197-9
... / B = 0.1) 3.342 0.768 The Prandtl number, Pr , is expressed as: (Eq 19) P r = ν α where ν is the kinematic viscosity of the furnace gas (in m 2 /s); α is the thermal diffusivity of the furnace gas (in m 2 /s) and α = k /(ρ · c p ), where k is the conductivity (in W/m·K...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 22A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2009
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v22a.a0005436
EISBN: 978-1-62708-196-2
... Abstract This article provides information on the various stages of quenching, sources of distortion, and factors that affect the creation of thermal gradients. It reviews the various determinations of heat-transfer coefficients by the thermal conductivity and diffusivity method, analytical...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 2
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1990
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v02.a0001107
EISBN: 978-1-62708-162-7
... categories: Raw material preparation Forming and fabrication Thermal processing Finishing These categories are also indicated on Fig. 1 . Only a brief overview of ceramic processing can be included here. For specific details see the text by Reed ( Ref 2 ). Fig. 1 Flow chart...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06.a0001448
EISBN: 978-1-62708-173-3
... for wire harness applications represent one common use. Bundles that have a cross-sectional area up to 30 mm 2 (0.05 in. 2 ) are readily weldable. The high thermal conductivity of copper is not the deterrent to ultrasonic welding that it is with fusion welding. Applications include: Stranded...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05a.a0005728
EISBN: 978-1-62708-171-9
...-temperature oxidation, wear, and corrosion. Additives to these powders have improved the phase stability and toughness of ceramic coatings. In general, ceramic coatings have lower heat conductivities than metallic coatings. Due to differences in thermal expansion coefficients with metals, ceramic coatings...
Book Chapter

By Chon L. Tsai
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 October 2011
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06a.a0005588
EISBN: 978-1-62708-174-0
... a mathematical tool for thermal data analysis, design iterations, or the systematic investigation of the thermal characteristics of any welding parameters. Exact comparisons with experimental measurements may not be feasible, unless some calibration through the experimental verification procedure is conducted...
Book Chapter

By Robert W. Messler, Jr.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 October 2011
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06a.a0005552
EISBN: 978-1-62708-174-0
... is converted into the thermal energy of atoms in the workpiece. The rate of heating is, in fact, so rapid that the generated heat does not have a chance to conduct very far away. As a result, the temperature of the material at the point of impingement rises extraordinarily rapidly to the melting point...
Book Chapter

By Chon L. Tsai, Chin M. Tso
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06.a0001333
EISBN: 978-1-62708-173-3
... comparisons with experimental measurements may not be feasible, unless some calibration through the experimental verification procedure is conducted. Welding Thermal Process A physical model of the welding system is shown in Fig. 1 . The welding heat source moves at a constant speed along a straight...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 22B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 2010
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v22b.a0005501
EISBN: 978-1-62708-197-9
... in the liquid are the most sensitive to the accuracy of the input values used for density and thermal conductivity in the solid. Thermal conductivity in the liquid, specific heat, and density have similar levels of influence on solidification time; increasing their values increases the local solidification time...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 September 2014
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04b.a0005927
EISBN: 978-1-62708-166-5
... to the surface and exchanging energy with it ( Ref 4 , 6 ). For heating fluidized beds, solid particles release heat by thermal conduction at the part surface. As they transport to the bulk region of the hot bed, they gain heat again from other particles and gas. The particle circulation induced by bubbles...
Book Chapter

By Imre Felde
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4F
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 February 2024
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v4F.a0006997
EISBN: 978-1-62708-450-5
... energy is transported between the parts of a continuum by exchanging kinetic energy between particles or groups of particles at the atomic level. Thermal conduction in metals occurs, like electrical conduction, through the motion of free electrons. The transfer of thermal energy happens in the direction...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4F
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 February 2024
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v4F.a0007017
EISBN: 978-1-62708-450-5
... form factor; Kn is the Kondratjev number; a is the thermal diffusivity; R is axle cylinder radius; S and V are the surface area and volume of the axle; α is the heat-transfer coefficient; and λ is the thermal conductivity. Estimated Ms temperature, austenitizing temperature, and thermal...
Book Chapter

By M.F. Ashby
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 20
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1997
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v20.a0002453
EISBN: 978-1-62708-194-8
... heat flux per unit area; no failure under Δp λσ f Maximum heat flux per unit mass; no failure under Δp λσ f /ρ (a) λ = thermal conductivity; a = thermal diffusivity; C p = specific heat capacity; C m = material cost/kg; T max = maximum service temperature; α = thermal expansion...
Book Chapter

By David L. Bourell
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 20
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1997
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v20.a0002454
EISBN: 978-1-62708-194-8
... conductivity, high was desirable), tooling costs (bend force index, low was desirable), and springback (index, low was desirable). Medium-priority criteria were the time to steady-state conduction (thermal diffusivity, high was desirable) and the ability to carry a static load (static load index, high...
Book: Casting
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 15
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v15.a0005339
EISBN: 978-1-62708-187-0
... conductivity of the composite and the lower the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), the higher will be its resistance to mechanical and thermal distortion. Figure 15 shows the materials selection chart for resistance to mechanical and thermal distortions ( Ref 27 ). It is erved that the closer a material...