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Published: 30 September 2014
Fig. 7 Temperature response, temperature gradient, and heating rate in a semi-infinite solid, x ≥ 0, after sudden change in surface temperature from T i when θ < 0 to T 0 for θ ≥0, ( T 0 = T ∞ )
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Published: 01 December 2009
Fig. 7 Temperature response, temperature gradient, and heating rate in a semi-infinite solid, x ≥ 0, after sudden change in surface temperature from T i when θ < 0 to T 0 for θ ≥ 0, ( T 0 = T ∞ )
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Published: 31 October 2011
Fig. 4 Schematic illustration showing relation between temperature gradient ( G ), growth rate ( R ), and cooling rate. The cooling rate is controlled by the rate of movement of the temperature gradient.
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Published: 31 October 2011
Fig. 9 (a) Steep temperature gradient in the heat-affected zone (HAZ) near the fusion line leads to a rapid change in grain size, which may tend to suppress grain growth due to grain shape changes. Arrows indicate direction of moving grain boundaries. Adapted from Ref 4 . (b) Schematic
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Published: 01 December 2008
Fig. 5 Plot of temperature gradient ( G ) versus growth rate ( R ) along with the microstructures in the different regions. (a) Region A, (b) Region B ( R = 0.3 m/s, or 1 ft/s, and G = 20 °C/mm, or 915 °F/in.). (c) Region B ( R = 0.3 m/s, or 1 ft/s, and G = 3 °C/mm, or 135 °F/in.). (d
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in Large Probes for Characterization of Industrial Quenching Processes
> Steel Heat Treating Fundamentals and Processes
Published: 01 August 2013
Fig. 7 Temperature gradient at the surface in the very beginning of cooling for cylinders that are (a) 20 mm (0.8 in.) in diameter by 80 mm (3.2 in.) and (b) 80 mm (3.2 in.) in diameter by 320 mm (12.6 in.)
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Published: 01 August 2013
Fig. 1 Results of quenching tests using the Temperature Gradient Quenching Analysis System method and the Liščić/Nanmac probe. Quenchants are mineral oil at 20 °C without agitation and 25% poly(alkylene glycol) (PAG) copolymer solution at °C and 0.8 m/s agitation rate. Top: cooling curves
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Published: 01 December 2004
Fig. 20 Influence of temperature gradient over solidification factor ( G T / V ) ratios and %Ce on structural transitions in cast irons with the same carbon equivalent. FG, flake graphite; CG, compacted graphite; SG, spheroidal graphite. Source: Ref 16
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in Corrosion by Molten Nitrates, Nitrites, and Fluorides
> Corrosion: Fundamentals, Testing, and Protection
Published: 01 January 2003
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in Using Infrared Thermometers to Control Temperature During Induction Heating
> Induction Heating and Heat Treatment
Published: 09 June 2014
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in Elevated-Temperature Properties of Stainless Steels
> Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels, and High-Performance Alloys
Published: 01 January 1990
Fig. 21 Hardness values along a temperature gradient bar of type 446 stainless steel (0.19C-0.73Mn-0.54Si-27.31Cr-0.16Ni-0.15N) after exposure for times indicated
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Published: 01 January 2005
Fig. 7 Effect of temperature gradient using scaled 2.79×2.79×3.86 m (110×110×152 in.) ingots, 1.52×1.83 m (60×72 in.) flat conventional dies, and a 24% reduction. A, with temperature gradient; B, without temperature gradient
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in Microstructure Evolution during the Liquid/Solid Transformation in Cast Iron
> Cast Iron Science and Technology
Published: 31 August 2017
Fig. 39 Influence of temperature gradient/growth velocity ( G / V ) ratios and percent cerium on structural transitions in cast iron. CG, compacted graphite; SG, spheroidal graphite; FG, flake graphite, i.e., lamellar graphite. Source: Ref 55
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Published: 12 September 2022
Fig. 3 Effect of solidification/growth rate ( R ) and temperature gradient ( G ) on solidification morphology. Source: Ref 42
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Published: 30 September 2014
Fig. 1 Temperature gradients and other major factors affecting the quenching of a gear. A, flow of heat from hot core of gear; B, Vapor blanket stage still exists due to large source of heat and poor agitation; C, trapped vapor bubbles condensing slowly; D, vapor bubbles escaping
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Published: 30 September 2014
Fig. 11 Temperature gradients and other major factors affecting the quenching of a gear. Source: Ref 7
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Published: 01 February 2024
Fig. 13 Temperature gradients and other major factors affecting the quenching of a gear. Source: Ref 2
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Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04a.a0005789
EISBN: 978-1-62708-165-8
... the laboratory tests and characterization of industrial quenching processes. It reviews the importance of initial heat-flux density and first critical heat-flux density. The theoretical principle behind and the purpose of the temperature gradient method are discussed. The article provides information...
Abstract
This article provides a discussion on probes for laboratory tests and resultant curves of industrial quenching processes. It describes the scope of the tests, and the calculation of heat-transfer coefficient (HTC) based on the tests. The article highlights the differences between the laboratory tests and characterization of industrial quenching processes. It reviews the importance of initial heat-flux density and first critical heat-flux density. The theoretical principle behind and the purpose of the temperature gradient method are discussed. The article provides information on the design of the probe, heat-extraction dynamics, and influence of wetting kinematics. It also includes discussions on the simplified 1-D temperature-distribution model, calculation of the HTC, and the finite-volume method for the heat-conduction equation.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 October 2011
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06a.a0005609
EISBN: 978-1-62708-174-0
... on the solidification parameters during welding, are discussed. The article discusses important solidification parameters, including temperature gradient, solid/liquid interface growth rate, and cooling rate. cooling rate fusion welds grain growth microstructural evolution nucleation rapid solidification...
Abstract
This article reviews the fundamental solidification concepts for understanding microstructural evolution in fusion welds. The common concepts, namely, nucleation, competitive grain growth, constitutional supercooling, solute redistribution, and rapid solidification, depend on the solidification parameters during welding, are discussed. The article discusses important solidification parameters, including temperature gradient, solid/liquid interface growth rate, and cooling rate.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04a.a0005788
EISBN: 978-1-62708-165-8
... Abstract Inverse hardening a steel of adequate hardenability requires a workpiece of sufficiently large cross section, an appropriate cooling medium, and the right quenching conditions. This article explains the Temperature Gradient Quenching Analysis System (TGQAS), which can measure, record...
Abstract
Inverse hardening a steel of adequate hardenability requires a workpiece of sufficiently large cross section, an appropriate cooling medium, and the right quenching conditions. This article explains the Temperature Gradient Quenching Analysis System (TGQAS), which can measure, record, and evaluate all quenching processes in common use, describing their heat extraction dynamics by corresponding thermodynamic functions. It discusses the metallurgical aspects of steels with an emphasis on two different processes, namely, heat extraction (a thermodynamic process) and microstructural transformation (a metallurgical process) that are initiated at the moment when the austenitized workpiece is immersed in the quenchant. The article describes the uses of polyalkylene glycol copolymer and the effect of hardness and fatigue resistance on AISI 4140 type steel.
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