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Book Chapter

By Valery Rudnev, Jon Dossett
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04a.a0005761
EISBN: 978-1-62708-165-8
... in a workpiece is explained, with emphasis on the skin effect. The article discusses typical procedures for induction hardening of steel, namely, austenitizing and quenching to form martensite either on the surface (case hardening) or through the entire section (through hardening). It briefly describes induction...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04a.a0005771
EISBN: 978-1-62708-165-8
... Abstract Surface hardening improves the wear resistance of steel parts. This article focuses exclusively on the methods that involve surface and subsurface modification without any intentional buildup or increase in part dimensions. These include diffusion methods, such as carburizing...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04a.a0005773
EISBN: 978-1-62708-165-8
... carbide coating, and low-temperature salt bath nitride coating. carbides coating fluidized-beds hardening nitrides nucleation salt baths steel surface hardening Introduction The thermoreactive deposition and diffusion (TRD) process is a heat-treatment-based method to form coatings...
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Published: 01 June 2024
Fig. 15 Induction surface-hardened steel shaft fractured by bending overload. The bending force placed the left side in tension. The curvature of this brittle fracture is termed compression curl and is common in brittle bending fractures. More
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4D
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 October 2014
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04d.a0005959
EISBN: 978-1-62708-168-9
... Abstract Low-temperature surface hardening is mostly applied to austenitic stainless steels when a combination of excellent corrosion performance and wear performance is required. This article provides a brief history of low-temperature surface hardening of stainless steel, followed...
Book Chapter

By Cemil Hakan Gür
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4F
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 February 2024
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v4F.a0007015
EISBN: 978-1-62708-450-5
... Abstract This article examines residual stresses in quenched and surface-hardened steels by focusing on its theoretical background, formation mechanisms of residual stress, effects of tempering and cryogenic cooling on residual stress, effects of residual stress on the service performance...
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Published: 01 January 1990
Fig. 1 Cross-section of a surface-hardened high-carbon steel automotive spindle More
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Published: 01 January 1987
Fig. 57 Circular spall on the surface of a forged, hardened alloy steel mill roll. The arrow indicates the fracture origin. Note the fatigue marks showing the growth away from the origin, followed by brittle fracture. 0.68× More
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Published: 01 January 1987
Fig. 201 Fatigue-fracture surface of a case-hardened AISI 1039 steel shaft. Case hardness, 50 HRC; core, 19 HRC. Note that fracture of the case was nearly complete before the fatigue cracks penetrated into the core. 2× More
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Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 6 Fracture surface of a carburized and hardened steel roller. As a result of banded alloy segregation, circumferential fatigue fracture initiated at a subsurface origin near the case-core interface (arrow). More
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Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 36 Fracture surface of a hardened steel connecting rod. Arrows indicate large inclusions. Fatigue cracking initiated from the middle inclusion. More
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Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 37 Fracture surface of a hardened steel valve spring that failed in torsional fatigue. Arrow indicates fracture origin at a subsurface nonmetallic inclusion. More
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Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 38 Fracture surface of a carburized-and-hardened steel roller. As a result of banded alloy segregation, circumferential fatigue fracture initiated at a subsurface origin near the case/core interface (arrow). More
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Published: 15 January 2021
Fig. 7 Precipitate in a precipitation-hardened (PH) steel fracture surface, labeled as Spectrum 1, and energy-dispersive spectroscopy spectrum from the corresponding point showing nearby steel constituents (iron, chromium, nickel, and copper) that are detected. According to the quantitative More
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Published: 15 January 2021
Fig. 43 Fracture surface of a hardened - steel connecting rod. Arrows indicate large inclusions. Fatigue cracking initiated from the middle inclusion . More
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Published: 15 January 2021
Fig. 44 Fracture surface of a hardened - steel valve spring that failed in torsional fatigue. Arrow indicates fracture origin at a subsurface nonmetallic inclusion . More
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Published: 15 January 2021
Fig. 45 Fracture surface of a carburized and hardened steel roller. As a result of banded alloy segregation, circumferential fatigue fracture initiated at a subsurface origin near the case/core interface (arrow) More
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Published: 01 June 2024
Fig. 14 Fracture surface of a fully hardened A2 tool steel spindle that failed in a machining center crash. Failure occurred due to a single overload. The arc-shaped features are referred to as Wallner lines and are produced by the interaction of the crack tip and a shock wave or elastic wave More
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Published: 01 June 2024
Fig. 2 Fracture surface from an induction-hardened shaft of medium-carbon steel with shallow evidence of fatigue fracture at the outer rim, brittle fracture through the case, and fibrous fracture through the core. Source: Ref 8 More
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Published: 09 June 2014
Fig. 58 Wear of combined chemical vapor deposition (CVD) TiN-coated + induction surface-hardened steel D2 (10 kW, 18 s air, and nitrogen/oil). IH, induction heated. Source: Ref 51 More