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Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4D
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 October 2014
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04d.a0005959
EISBN: 978-1-62708-168-9
... Abstract Low-temperature surface hardening is mostly applied to austenitic stainless steels when a combination of excellent corrosion performance and wear performance is required. This article provides a brief history of low-temperature surface hardening of stainless steel, followed...
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Published: 01 August 2013
Fig. 18 Estimated surface heat flux as a function of estimated surface temperature using actual (TD) and equivalent (ED) thermocouple depths in solving the inverse heat-conduction problem for a thermocouple inserted parallel (0°) or perpendicular (90°) to the active heat-transfer surface More
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Published: 01 August 2013
Fig. 21 Estimated surface heat flux as a function of estimated surface temperature and estimated surface cooling curve during quenching of an AISI 1050 steel probe. Source: Ref 79 . Reprinted, with permission, from Materials Performance and Characterization , copyright ASTM International More
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Published: 01 February 2024
Fig. 17 (a) Surface heat flux vs. surface temperature curve for CNT nanofluids; (b) effect of agitation rate on the surface heat flux vs. surface temperature curve for 0.5 wt% CNT nanofluid. Source: Ref 4 More
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Published: 01 August 2013
Fig. 15 Schematic illustration of oxide surface temperature cycle used for thermal fatigue testing of ZrO 2 -coated test buttons 1.27 mm (0.050 in.) thick, simulating a first-stage gas turbine outer airseal application. Source: Ref 6 More
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Published: 01 January 1994
Fig. 1 Schematic illustration of oxide surface temperature cycle used for thermal fatigue testing of ZrO 2 -coated test buttons 1.27 mm (0.050 in.) thick, simulating a first-stage gas turbine outer airseal application More
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Published: 01 August 2013
Fig. 31 Heat-transfer coefficient (HTC) versus surface temperature for MZM-16 oil at 61 °C (142 °F) with a cylindrical test specimen of 19.9 mm (0.78 in.) diameter and 80 mm (3.2 in.) height. 1, by solving inverse problem; 2, by regular thermal condition theory. Source: Ref 137 More
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Published: 01 August 2013
Fig. 20 Computed surface temperature (right vertical axis) and volume fraction (left vertical axis) as a function of time during quenching of an AISI 1050 steel probe. Source: Ref 79 . Reprinted, with permission, from Materials Performance and Characterization , copyright ASTM International More
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Published: 01 August 2013
Fig. 12 Calculated surface temperature ( T s ) and measured temperatures at 1 and 4.5 mm (0.04 and 0.18 in.) below the surface and in the center of the probe. Courtesy of Petrofer GmbH More
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Published: 01 August 2013
Fig. 2 Cooling rate versus surface temperature curves for quenching the Liščić/Nanmac probe in mineral oil at 20 °C without agitation (top) and 25% poly(alkylene glycol) (PAG) solution at 40 °C and 0.8 m/s agitation rate (bottom) More
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Published: 01 August 2013
Fig. 3 Heat transfer versus surface temperature More
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Published: 01 August 2013
Fig. 27 Radiation heat loss as a function of surface temperature. Losses are based on blackbody radiation into surroundings at 20 °C (70 °F). Source: Ref 19 More
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Published: 01 August 2013
Fig. 5 Relation between transferred power density ( P ) and surface temperature ( T S ) for two cases: (a) P = constant and (b) T S = constant More
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Published: 09 June 2014
Fig. 7 Surface temperature as a function of frequency at constant case depth More
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Published: 09 June 2014
Fig. 9 Scan rate as a function of frequency at a constant surface temperature and case depths of 2, 3.5, and 5 mm (0.07, 13, and 0.19 in.) More
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Published: 09 June 2014
Fig. 10 Coil current as a function of frequency at constant surface temperature and effective case depth More
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Published: 30 September 2015
Fig. 4 Surface Temperature Thermometer More
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Published: 30 September 2015
Fig. 19 Infrared thermograph showing cooler surface temperature from air infiltration at openings at the roof/wall interface. The cooler area is represented by the dark blue color beneath and to the right of the top right cursor. The warmer area is the lighter yellow color beneath the bottom More
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Published: 01 January 2005
Fig. 7 Surface temperature of the extruded product versus ram displacement for two aluminum alloys. Ram velocities are indicated on the curves. Extrusion ratio: 5:1; billet diameter: 71 mm (2.8 in.); billet length: 142 mm (5.6 in.); initial billet and tooling temperature: 440 °C (825 °F More
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Published: 31 December 2017
Fig. 28 Effect of surface temperature of polisher on polishing rate. (a) Chemical and mechanical polishing (CMP) of silicon wafer with polyurethane polisher, 1.5 M-KOH aq. and 0.1 μm ZrO 2 5 wt%, polishing pressure 120 gf/cm 2 , polisher rotary speed 90 rpm, air. Source: Ref 49 . (b More