Search Results for surface oxidation

Fig. 36 Unstable cooling due to surface oxidation during water quenching of S45C carbon steel. Water temperature is 30 °C (85 °F). Test specimen is a solid cylinder 10 mm (0.4 in.) in diameter by 30 mm (1.2 in.) in length. More

Fig. 7 Competition between surface oxidation rate and oxide film repair when determining the effects of sliding velocity on wear transitions for 60-40 brass against high-speed steel. Source: Ref 1 More

Fig. 16 Surface oxides on a fracture surface from a specimen of the steel identified in Fig. 15 . Source: Ref 51 More

Fig. 35 Effect of thickness of surface oxide scale on the heat-transfer coefficient during spray cooling of hot steel plate. Source: Ref 110 More

Fig. 2 Addition of supplementary volumes of contained surface oxides that are on the metal stocks entering the furnace molten metal. The presence of organic compounds will similarly react with the molten bath to add carbides and nitrides to the inclusion level. These suspended inclusions More

Fig. 18 Effect of surface oxide films on green strength of copper and type 316L stainless steel powders More

Fig. 16 LEISS spectrum of a copper surface oxidized in a 16 O- 18 O mixture. More

Fig. 13 (a) (b) Structure of the surface oxide after treatment of deoxidized 2024-T3 in Alodine 2000 at 60 °C (140 °F) for 10 min followed by sealing in Deoxylyte NC 200. (b) In the Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy inset, the black is the cobalt step and the gray is cobalt and vanadium More

Fig. 51 Schematic of the dissolution of material through surface oxide film and removal of the dissolving species in bulk water. Adapted from Ref 84 More

Fig. 23 Intergranular oxidation at the surface of a carburized component. Unetched. Original magnification: 500× More

Fig. 22 Internal oxidation penetrating the surface of a motor lamination steel. Not only have oxides formed in the grain boundaries, but fine oxides have formed in the matrix. 4% picral etch. 1000× More

Fig. 24 Internal oxidation (dark features) at surface of gas-carburized steel containing 1.06% Mn, 0.21% Si, 0.52% Cr, 0.50% Ni, and 0.17% Mo. Light micrograph. Source: Ref 20 More

Fig. 102 Intergranular oxidation of the surface of a gas-carburized steel along the prior grain boundaries. 1000×. Source: Ref 97 More

Fig. 3 Oxidation on the surface of a woven carbon fabric composite part as a result of short-term ultraviolet-light exposure. The oxidation is found to have penetrated only approximately 5 μm deep into the surfacing film in this time period. Transmitted light, phase contrast, 20× objective More

Fig. 4 Micrograph showing oxidation on the surface of a woven carbon fabric composite after 10 years of sunlight exposure. Epi-fluorescence, 390–440 nm excitation, 25× objective More

Fig. 15 Fracture surface of steel shaft with beach marks produced by oxidation. More

Fig. 23 Fracture surface of steel shaft with beach marks produced by oxidation More

Fig. 45 (a) Forescattered electron micrograph of iron surface before oxidation. (b, c) Environmental scanning electron microscope/secondary electron micrographs during oxidation. (d) Secondary electron micrograph of focused ion beam (FIB)-milled cross section showing oxide scale thickness More

Fig. 16 Surface recession in 100 h from isothermal oxidation for various ceramics, classified according to the protective oxide formed. Adapted from Ref 78 More

Fig. 26 Gradient in oxidation on the fracture surface through the base of a gas turbine blade. The scale is in 1/16 in. The gradient in oxidation indicates a progressive cracking mechanism such as creep. However, distinct crack arrest marks and an absence of significant deformation are more More