Fig. 21 Influence of agitation on surface hardness of 52100 steel in various section thicknesses martempered in hot salt More

Fig. 16 Distribution of surface hardness. Results obtained during 1 month of testing flame-hardened races (4063 steel) that were heated for a total of 9 s to produce a minimum hardness of 59 HRC at a depth of 1.3 mm (0.050 in.) More

Fig. 19 Relationship of carbon content to minimum surface hardness attainable by flame or induction heating and water quenching. Practical minimum carbon contents can be determined from this curve. More

Fig. 17 Relationship between surface hardness and yield strength of steel bars after tempering. Alloy steels were martensitic throughout the section, as-quenched; 1095 bars were 12.7 to 50.8 mm ( 1 2 to 2 in.) in diameter. More

Fig. 8 Influence of retained austenite on the surface hardness of carburized alloy steels (reheat quenched and tempered at 150 to 185 °C, or 300 to 365 °F). Source: Ref 1 More

Fig. 20 Surface hardness of carbonitrided C1018 with variation in carbon content while nitrogen remains fairly constant. Four specimens processed at 845 °C (1550 °F) in 2.5% ammonia atmosphere, quenched in 55 °C (130 °F) oil. Source: Ref 16 More

Fig. 25 Decrease of surface hardness with increasing temperature for specimens of 1018 steel carbonitrided under the conditions indicated. Rockwell C hardness converted from Rockwell 30N. See also Fig. 26 . More

Fig. 27 Effect of surface hardness after tempering on the pitting resistance of carburized and carbonitrided steels. Pitting test specimens cut from normalized steel bar were carbonitrided at 900 °C (1650 °F) for 4 h and then at 840 °C (1545 °F) for 4 h in an atmosphere of endothermic gas (RX More

Fig. 2 Comparison of surface hardness results of various heat treatments and coatings. PVD, physical vapor deposition More

Fig. 6 Evolution of normalized surface hardness at predefined locations on draw dies for a hot dip galvanized dual-phase 600 part of 1.4 mm (0.06 in.). TD, thermal diffusion More

Fig. 4 Effect of tempering temperature on surface hardness of water-hardening tool steels austenitized at three different temperatures and quenched in brine. Specimens held for 1 h at the tempering temperature in a recirculating-air furnace. Cooled in air to room temperature. Data represent 20 More

Fig. 6 Effect of tempering temperature on surface hardness of shock-resisting tool steels Steel Composition, % Quenching Medium Temperature No. Type C Si W or Mo Cr V °C °F 1 S1 0.43 … 2.00 W 1.30 0.25 955 1750 … 2 S1 0.53 … 2.00 W 1.65 0.25 900 More

Fig. 4 Effect of heat in electrical discharge grinding on the surface hardness of various work metals. (a) 4340 steel, 50 HRC. (b) D-6ac steel, 50 HRC. (c) Grade 250 maraging steel, 50 HRC. (d) Ti-8Al-1Mo-1V, 50 HRC More

Fig. 5 Surface hardness profile calculated from the measured wetting time, t B , and the specific calibration curve for the material related to the distance from the lower end of the sample and compared to the measured hardness profile. Sample: 25 × 100 mm (1 × 4 in.) diam 100Cr6. Bath More

Fig. 22 AISI S7 punch that had a low surface hardness after heat treatment and was given a second carburizing treatment, then rehardened. Cracking was observed after this retreatment (the cracks have been accentuated with magnetic particles). Coarse circumferential machining marks were present More

Fig. 2 Frictional force plotted as a function of surface hardness for a metal point of hardness H p = 930 kg/mm 2 traversing a steel surface (load 4.2 kg). Lubricated surfaces. Scratching ceases, and the friction falls to a low value if the hardness of the surface exceeds 830 kg/mm 2 More

Fig. 1 Effect of tempering temperature on surface hardness of water-hardening tool steels austenitized at three different temperatures and quenched in brine. Specimens held for 1 h at the tempering temperature in a recirculating-air furnace. Cooled in air to room temperature. Data represent 20 More

Fig. 4 The relationship between surface hardness and magnetic Barkhausen noise signal amplitude is somewhat linear in most cases. Courtesy of American Stress Technologies, Inc. More

Fig. 22 AISI S7 punch that had a low surface hardness after heat treatment and was given a second carburizing treatment, then rehardened. Cracking was observed after this retreatment (the cracks have been accentuated with magnetic particles). Coarse circumferential machining marks were present More

Fig. 27 Influence of agitation on surface hardness of 52100 steel in various section thicknesses martempered in hot salt More