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Image
Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 12 Critical sizes of internal flaws at various stress levels. Surface flaws are a factor of 1.1 lower. More
Image
Published: 01 January 2000
Fig. 13 Nomenclature for fracture features. (a) Surface flaws. (b) Volume flaws. Source: Ref 4 , 34 More
Image
Published: 01 January 1996
Fig. 5 Geometry factors for surface flaw. (a) Configuration. (b) Geometry factors for shape. (c) Geometry factor for front free surface More
Image
Published: 01 November 1995
Fig. 32 Schematic showing the development of a surface flaw by application of bending stresses in water. Arrows indicate direction of local fracture. More
Image
Published: 01 August 2018
Fig. 3 Effect of distance (depth) of flaws of equal size from the entry surface of a test piece on the echo height of ultrasonic indications More
Image
Published: 30 August 2021
Fig. 9 Illustration of surface texture: roughness, waviness, lay, and flaws. Source: Ref 13 . Reprinted from ANSI/ASME B46.1-1985, by permission of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers. All rights reserved More
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.a0003230
EISBN: 978-1-62708-199-3
... Abstract Visual inspection is a nondestructive testing technique that provides a means to detect and examine a variety of surface flaws, such as corrosion, contamination, surface finish, and surface discontinuities. This article discusses the equipment used to aid visual inspection, including...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 17
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v17.a0006467
EISBN: 978-1-62708-190-0
... hot roll pass being squeezed out into the area of the roll collar. When turned for the following pass, the material is rolled back into the bar and appears as a lap on the surface ( Fig. 2j ). Chevrons Chevrons are internal flaws named for their shape ( Fig. 2k ). They often result from...
Image
Published: 01 August 2018
Fig. 6 Dual set of six circumferentially mounted probes used to ultrasonically detect flaws in cold-drawn hexagonal bars. (a) Normal-beam method to detect flaws deep inside bar. (b) Angle-beam method to detect surface and near-surface flaws. Source: Ref 1 More
Image
Published: 01 January 1996
Fig. 11 Relationship between actual flaw dimensions and the parameter a for surface flaws More
Book Chapter

By Luis A. Ganhao
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 17
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v17.a0006472
EISBN: 978-1-62708-190-0
..., 60, and 70° from normal. The higher probe angles tend to give rise to lateral waves of higher intensity, making it more difficult to recognize near-surface flaws. Knowledge of the precise beam angle is not necessary for TOFD inspection. Variations of ±5° from nominal do not affect the quality...
Image
Published: 15 January 2021
Fig. 11 Flaw shape factor, Q , and geometry correction factor, M , for a tension-loaded bar with a semielliptical surface flaw. Source: Ref 12 , ASME XI More
Image
Published: 01 January 1987
Fig. 260 Surface of a fatigue fracture in 16-mm ( 5 8 -in) diam spring wire of AISI 1060 steel. The crack origin, which undoubtedly was a surface flaw, generated a fatigue zone (dark area at upper left). The fatigue crack grew slowly, and beach marks became obscured by oxide. ∼3× More
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.a0003233
EISBN: 978-1-62708-199-3
.... All magnetic flaw-detection methods rely in some way on the detection and measurement of the magnetic flux leakage field near the surface of the material, which is caused by the presence of the flaw. Material properties characterization methods rely on bulk measurements of the hysteretic properties...
Image
Published: 01 January 1987
Fig. 995 Another polished and etched section through the shot-peened fillet of the fractured blade in Fig. 990 , showing a fatigue crack that grew from a surface flaw. The structure indicates that only very superficial shot-peening occurred here. Etched in Keller's reagent, 500× More
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 1995
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.emde.a0003058
EISBN: 978-1-62708-200-6
... or impact. Similar damage is produced when sharp particles strike glass or ceramic surfaces. Lateral cracks reach the surface, causing material to spall off. The size of the origin flaw, as measured along the surface, is typically about the same as the size of the spalled-off region, but there are many...
Image
Published: 01 January 2002
growth rates for a surface flaw are compared to validate the model. More
Image
Published: 30 August 2021
on measured crack growth rates for a surface flaw) are compared to validate the model. More
Image
Published: 01 January 2000
) Chevron notch short bar. (i) Chevron notch bending. (j) Double torsion (DT). (k) Three-point bending with controlled surface flaw (CSF). P , load. Adapted from Ref 58 More
Image
Published: 01 November 1995
(constant-stress-rate loading) data. Strength degradation in water is predicted for a dynamic load of 1 MPa/s. A mixed-mode fracture criterion was chosen to account for the change in surface flaw reliability for multiaxial stress states. Source: Ref 13 More