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Image
Published: 01 January 2003
Fig. 7 Relationship between stress amplitude and minimum depth of surface defects for 12% Cr steel and a 2.0% NiCrMoV steel. Source: Ref 14 More
Image
Published: 01 December 1998
Fig. 22 Surface defects on semifinished products made by primary rolling of ingots. (a) Scabby surface of a bloom. (b) Deep seam originating with an ingot crack. (c) Clustered seams. (d) Burned steel bloom. (e) Lap on a rolled steel product More
Image
Published: 31 August 2017
Fig. 46 (a) Surface defects due to mold-metal reaction. (b) Cross section of surface in (a) detected iron oxide in the cavities (bottom). Used with permission from Ref 13 More
Image
Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 16 Close-up views of surface casting defects on a paper-drier head. (a) At the 12 o'clock position. (b) At the 9 o'clock position, with arrow indicating a surface defect. (c) At the 6 o'clock position. All approximately 0.2× More
Image
Published: 30 August 2021
Fig. 4 Close-up views of surface casting defects on a paper-drier head. (a) At the 12 o’clock position. (b) At the 9 o’clock position, with arrow indicating a surface defect. (c) At the 6 o’clock position. Original magnification of all: 0.2× More
Image
Published: 30 September 2015
Fig. 3 Cross section through a surface defect. Unetched More
Image
Published: 01 August 2018
Fig. 34 Example of table from FITNET Appendix D, Table D.10, showing surface defect-length evaluation with on-site conditions from surface side A. Source: Ref 62 More
Image
Published: 30 August 2021
Fig. 105 Closeup of fracture-surface defect. Arrows indicate spherical inclusions. Original magnification: 300× More
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Published: 01 January 2006
Fig. 7 Cracking defects on the convex surface and wrinkling on the concave surface during bending. Source: Ref 1 More
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Published: 01 January 2003
Fig. 5 Optical micrographs showing defects on the inner surface of type 304 stainless steel pipe near weld root (a) and near through crack (b). Both 670× More
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Published: 01 August 2018
Fig. 29 Setup used for surface acoustic wave microscopy of defects such as cracks, delaminations, voids, and so on. Source: Ref 122 More
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Published: 31 December 2017
Fig. 6 Effect of composition on surface roughness defects. (a) Segregation. (b) Reconstruction. (c) Chemisorption. (d) Compound formation. Source: Ref 23 More
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Published: 31 August 2017
Fig. 18 (a) Surface and (b) subsurface nitrogen defects in gray iron with a nitrogen content >80 ppm. 3% nital etch. Original magnification for both: 100×. Courtesy of M.C. Kim and L.W. McFarland, Caterpillar Inc. More
Image
Published: 01 January 2001
Fig. 30 Creation of paint defects due to inhomogeneities in the SMC surface finish. (a) Air inclusion in the surface of the molded part. (b) Expansion of air in the inclusion during drying forms a crater. More
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 1A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 August 2017
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v01a.a0006338
EISBN: 978-1-62708-179-5
... Abstract The International Committee of Foundry Technical Associations has identified seven basic categories of casting defects: metallic projections, cavities, discontinuities, defective surfaces, incomplete casting, incorrect dimension, and inclusions or structural anomalies. This article...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 1
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1990
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v01.a0001014
EISBN: 978-1-62708-161-0
... surface imperfections with varying degrees of severity. Seams, laps, and slivers are probably the most common defects in hot-rolled bars and shapes. Another condition that could be considered a surface defect is decarburization. Hot-rolled steel bars and shapes can be produced to chemical composition...
Book Chapter

By Pradip Saha
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 2A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 November 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v02a.a0006534
EISBN: 978-1-62708-207-5
... and exit temperature, and their effect on product quality. The article also provides information on extrusion presses, press dies, and tooling, and addresses quality issues such as surface defects, blistering, and internal cracking. It concludes with a discussion on the drawing of solid section...
Book Chapter

By Craig B. Dallam, Brian K. Damkroger
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06.a0001343
EISBN: 978-1-62708-173-3
.... The article discusses nondestructive evaluation of welds by encompassing techniques that are used to characterize the locations and structure of internal and surface defects, including radiography, ultrasonic testing, and liquid penetrant inspection. It reviews the macrostructural characterization...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 9
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2004
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v09.a0003727
EISBN: 978-1-62708-177-1
... in casting of alloys. The article also illustrates the casting defects such as macroporosity, microshrinkage, and surface defects, associated with the alloys. aluminum alloys dendritic microstructure eutectic microstructure grain structure macrosegregation microsegregation solidification surface...
Book Chapter

By Thomas S. Piwonka
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 20
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1997
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v20.a0002484
EISBN: 978-1-62708-194-8
... that designers and foundries can use to obtain maximum performance from cast parts. The article describes the effects of casting discontinuities on properties, including porosity, inclusions, hot tears, metal penetration, and surface defects. A discussion on hot isostatic pressing treatment of castings is also...