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stress relaxation
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Book Chapter
Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.a0003136
EISBN: 978-1-62708-199-3
... Abstract Copper and copper alloys are used extensively in structural applications in which they are subject to moderately elevated temperatures. At relatively low operating temperatures, these alloys can undergo thermal softening or stress relaxation, which can lead to service failures...
Abstract
Copper and copper alloys are used extensively in structural applications in which they are subject to moderately elevated temperatures. At relatively low operating temperatures, these alloys can undergo thermal softening or stress relaxation, which can lead to service failures. This article is a collection of curves and tables that present data on thermal softening and stress-relaxation in copper and copper alloys. Thermal softening occurs over extended periods at temperatures lower than those inducing recrystallization in commercial heat treatments. Stress relaxation occurs because of the transformation of elastic strain in the material to plastic, or permanent strain.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 May 2022
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11B.a0006934
EISBN: 978-1-62708-395-9
... Abstract This article describes the general aspects of creep, stress relaxation, and yielding for homogeneous polymers. It then presents creep failure mechanisms in polymers. The article discusses extrapolative methods for the prediction of long-term creep failure in polymer materials...
Abstract
This article describes the general aspects of creep, stress relaxation, and yielding for homogeneous polymers. It then presents creep failure mechanisms in polymers. The article discusses extrapolative methods for the prediction of long-term creep failure in polymer materials. Then, the widely used models to simulate the service life of polymers are highlighted. These include the Burgers power-law model, the Findley power-law model, the time-temperature superposition (or equivalence) principle (TTSP), and the time-stress superposition principle (TSSP). The Larson-Miller parametric method, one of the most common to describe the material deformation and rupture time, is also discussed.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 8
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2000
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v08.a0003286
EISBN: 978-1-62708-176-4
... Abstract This article provides the theoretical background for understanding many of the physical processes relevant to mechanical testing methods, experimental results, and analytical approaches described in this volume. creep testing stress-relaxation testing creep deformation Stress...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 8
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2000
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v08.a0003290
EISBN: 978-1-62708-176-4
... Abstract This article discusses stress relaxation testing on metallic materials, as covered by ASTM E 328. It reviews the two types of stress relaxation tests performed in tension, long-term and accelerated testing. The article illustrates load characteristics and data representation for stress...
Abstract
This article discusses stress relaxation testing on metallic materials, as covered by ASTM E 328. It reviews the two types of stress relaxation tests performed in tension, long-term and accelerated testing. The article illustrates load characteristics and data representation for stress relaxation testing used for the most convenient and common uniaxial tensile test. It concludes with information on compression testing, bend testing, torsion testing, and tests on springs.
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Published: 01 December 1998
Fig. 5 Stress relaxation in C17200 at two levels of initial stress. Data are for beryllium copper (1.9% Be) strip, 0.38 mm (0.015 in.) thick. Open symbols represent initial test stress equal to 80% of the monotonic bending yield stress; solid symbols represent initial stress 50% of the bending
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Published: 01 January 2000
Fig. 2 Typical stress relaxation curves plotted for (a) remaining stress and (b) relaxed stress (the initial stress minus the remaining stress). Source: Ref 11
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in Effect of Irradiation on Stress-Corrosion Cracking and Corrosion in Light Water Reactors
> Corrosion: Environments and Industries
Published: 01 January 2006
Fig. 34 Stress relaxation of bent beam and C-ring specimens of type 304 stainless steel in Japan Materials Testing Reactor (JMTR) during irradiation at 288 °C (550 °F). Source: Ref 158
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in Residual Stresses and Distortion in Thermochemically Treated Steels
> Steel Heat Treating Technologies
Published: 30 September 2014
Fig. 30 Residual stress relaxation in Fe 4 N at an isothermal temperature step (holding temperature 350 °C, or 660 °F) during cooling
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Published: 01 November 1995
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Published: 01 November 1995
Fig. 31 Torsion creep and stress relaxation of bisphenol A-base polycarbonate, MW = 40,000. Source: Ref 37
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Published: 01 December 1998
Fig. 4 Tensile-stress-relaxation characteristics of C11000. Data are for tinned 30 AWG (0.25 mm diam) annealed ETP copper wire; initial elastic stress, 89 MPa (13 ksi).
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Published: 01 December 1998
Fig. 6 Anisotropic stress-relaxation behavior in bending for highly cold-worked C51000 strip. Data are for 5% Sn phosphor bronze cold rolled 93% (reduction in area) to 0.25 mm (0.01 in.) and heat treated 2 h at 260 °C (500 °F). Graphs at left are for stress relaxation transverse to the rolling
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Published: 01 January 1997
Fig. 31 Comparison of predicted time to 0.5% creep based on stress-relaxation measurements at 650 °C (1200 °F) for an austenitic iron-base alloy with measurements made on conventional creep tests. SRT, stress-relaxation tests
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in Effects of Composition, Processing, and Structure on Properties of Nonferrous Alloys
> Materials Selection and Design
Published: 01 January 1997
Fig. 3 Tensile-stress-relaxation characteristics of copper alloy C11000. Data are for tinned 30 AWG (0.25 mm diam) annealed ETP copper wire; initial elastic stress, 89 MPa (13 ksi).
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in Effects of Composition, Processing, and Structure on Properties of Nonferrous Alloys
> Materials Selection and Design
Published: 01 January 1997
Fig. 4 Anisotropic stress-relaxation behavior in bending for highly cold-worked C51000 copper alloy strip. Data are for 5% Sn phosphor bronze cold rolled 93% (reduction in area) to 0.25 mm (0.01 in.) and heat treated 2 h at 260 °C (500 °F). Graphs at left are for stress relaxation transverse
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Published: 15 December 2019
Fig. 11 Stress relaxation of polyethylene film in tension at ambient temperature. Courtesy of TA Instruments Inc.
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in Elevated-Temperature Life Assessment
> Analysis and Prevention of Component and Equipment Failures
Published: 30 August 2021
Fig. 11 Representative micrographs showing stress-relaxation cracking adjacent to a weld in a type 304H stainless steel thick-walled pressure vessel. Original magnification: (a) 25×, (b) 200×. Electrolytically etched with 10% oxalic acid solution
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Published: 30 August 2021
Fig. 34 Stress relaxation in carbon steels as a function of postweld heat treatment temperature and hold time. Adapted from Ref 160
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in Aluminum Alloy Design for Additive Manufacturing
> Additive Manufacturing Design and Applications
Published: 30 June 2023
Fig. 12 Stress relaxation of material held at a constant strain associated with tensile yield stress at 232 °C (450 °F). (a) As-built. (b) Aged at 400 °C (750 °F) for 2 h
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Published: 15 May 2022
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