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Book Chapter
Toughening and Strengthening Models for Nominally Brittle Materials
Available to PurchaseBook: Fatigue and Fracture
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 19
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1996
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v19.a0002418
EISBN: 978-1-62708-193-1
... nominally brittle materials notch sensitivity strengthening tensile strength toughening toughness models IN MATERIALS that do not develop macroscopic inelastic strain prior to failure, stress concentrations arise at strain intensification sites. The design procedure for such materials requires...
Abstract
The design of structural components with nominally brittle materials is largely determined by their elastic moduli, density, and tensile strength. This article discusses some of the factors involved in the design and reliability through considerations of toughness and ductility of nominally brittle materials. It describes toughening by various bridging mechanisms, as well as process zone effects and their interaction with the bridging rupture zone. The article explains the phenomena that give rise to exceptional toughness and notch-insensitive mechanical behavior. It provides a schematic illustration of a basic cell model to characterize the inelastic strains that occur in ceramic-matrix composites and their dependence on the interface friction.
Image
in High-Strength Structural and High-Strength Low-Alloy Steels
> Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels, and High-Performance Alloys
Published: 01 January 1990
Fig. 9 Solid-solution strengthening of ferrite. Source: Ref 24
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Image
The dependence of precipitation strengthening on average precipitate size (...
Available to Purchase
in High-Strength Structural and High-Strength Low-Alloy Steels
> Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels, and High-Performance Alloys
Published: 01 January 1990
Fig. 13(b) The dependence of precipitation strengthening on average precipitate size ( x ) and fraction according to theory and experimental observations for given microalloying additions. Source: Ref 22
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Image
Schematic of changes in creep strengthening contributions at 550 °C (1020 °...
Available to Purchase
in Elevated-Temperature Properties of Ferritic Steels
> Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels, and High-Performance Alloys
Published: 01 January 1990
Fig. 34 Schematic of changes in creep strengthening contributions at 550 °C (1020 °F) in (a) normalized molybdenum steel and (b) normalized and tempered molybdenum steel. Source: Ref 57
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Image
Magnitude of stiffening and strengthening of composites relative to the mat...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 December 2008
Fig. 3 Magnitude of stiffening and strengthening of composites relative to the matrix as a function of reinforcement aspect ratio and volume fraction, f
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Effect of cold-work-induced strengthening on fracture toughness. The percen...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 1996
Fig. 15 Effect of cold-work-induced strengthening on fracture toughness. The percentage of cold work is provided next to data points. Source: Ref 49 , 52
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Published: 27 April 2016
Fig. 5 Solid-solution strengthening for copper-nickel alloys. Source: Ref 2
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Solid-solution strengthening of titanium by aluminum and tin additions. Sou...
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in Effect of Heat Treatment on Mechanical Properties of Titanium Alloys[1]
> Heat Treating of Nonferrous Alloys
Published: 01 June 2016
Fig. 15 Solid-solution strengthening of titanium by aluminum and tin additions. Source: Ref 7
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Types of strengthening mechanisms related to microstructure or alloying ele...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 June 2016
Fig. 7 Types of strengthening mechanisms related to microstructure or alloying elements. Source: Ref 19
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Strengthening due to atomic size effects. Ω A , atomic volume of aluminum; ...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 June 2016
Fig. 8 Strengthening due to atomic size effects. Ω A , atomic volume of aluminum; Ω S , atomic volume of solute. Source: Ref 34
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Mechanisms of strengthening for precipitation hardening. (a) Dislocation cu...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 June 2016
Fig. 18 Mechanisms of strengthening for precipitation hardening. (a) Dislocation cutting a particle. (b) Dislocation bowing around a precipitate based on Orowan’s mechanism of dispersion hardening. Source: Ref 48
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Image
Room-temperature solid-solution strengthening effect of selected elements o...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 2005
Fig. 8 Room-temperature solid-solution strengthening effect of selected elements on the lower yield point of body-centered cubic iron. Source: Ref 12 , 13
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Relationship between mismatch factor and strengthening increment (Δτ 0 /ΔC)...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 2000
Fig. 11 Relationship between mismatch factor and strengthening increment (Δτ 0 /ΔC) for solute atoms in copper alloys. Source: Ref 14
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Published: 31 December 2017
Fig. 8 Strengthening due to atomic size effects in aluminum alloys. Source: Ref 31
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Mechanisms of strengthening for precipitation hardening. (a) Dislocation cu...
Available to PurchasePublished: 30 November 2018
Fig. 6 Mechanisms of strengthening for precipitation hardening. (a) Dislocation cutting a particle. (b) Dislocation bowing around a precipitate based on Orowan’s mechanism of dispersion hardening. Source: Ref 7
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Repair/strengthening of deck using (a) pultruded strips adhesively bonded t...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 2001
Fig. 6 Repair/strengthening of deck using (a) pultruded strips adhesively bonded to the concrete substrate, and (b) unidirectional fabric placed using wet lay-up
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Solid-solution strengthening of annealed high-purity aluminum with magnesiu...
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in Properties and Applications of Wrought Aluminum Alloys
> Properties and Selection of Aluminum Alloys
Published: 15 June 2019
Fig. 1 Solid-solution strengthening of annealed high-purity aluminum with magnesium, manganese, copper, silicon, and zinc additions
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Strengthening mechanisms and their effect on creep strength with time. Sour...
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in Corrosion in Supercritical Water—Ultrasupercritical Environments for Power Production
> Corrosion: Environments and Industries
Published: 01 January 2006
Fig. 6 Strengthening mechanisms and their effect on creep strength with time. Source: Ref 11
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Book Chapter
Joining of Oxide-Dispersion-Strengthened Materials
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06.a0001467
EISBN: 978-1-62708-173-3
... Abstract Oxide - dispersion - strengthened (ODS) materials utilize extremely fine oxide dispersion for strengthening, such as nickel-base alloys or alumina. The processing techniques employed in the production of ODS alloys produce some entrapped gases, which tend to create porosity during...
Abstract
Oxide - dispersion - strengthened (ODS) materials utilize extremely fine oxide dispersion for strengthening, such as nickel-base alloys or alumina. The processing techniques employed in the production of ODS alloys produce some entrapped gases, which tend to create porosity during welding that can be rectified by suitable designing considerations. This article discusses certain successful design strategies employed in joining ODS alloys in consideration with the grain structure. It further provides a brief discussion on different welding processes involved in joining ODS materials, namely, gas-tungsten arc welding, gas-metal arc welding, electron-beam and laser-beam welding, resistance welding, furnace brazing, friction welding, and explosion welding.
Book Chapter
Heat Treatment of Copper Precipitation-Strengthened Steels
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4D
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 October 2014
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04d.a0005962
EISBN: 978-1-62708-168-9
... Abstract Copper steels are precipitation-strengthened steels that are designed to have a unique combination of physical and mechanical properties. This article provides an overview of copper precipitate-strengthened steels and their applications, and discusses appropriate ASTM International...
Abstract
Copper steels are precipitation-strengthened steels that are designed to have a unique combination of physical and mechanical properties. This article provides an overview of copper precipitate-strengthened steels and their applications, and discusses appropriate ASTM International standards. It describes the common phases and alloying elements present in copper precipitate-strengthened steels, and reviews the influences of alloying elements on processing, phase diagrams, microstructures, and mechanical properties. The article also discusses the thermomechanical process, solutionizing heat treatment, and isothermal aging in detail. It concludes with a review of the interrelationships between heat treatments, microstructures, and mechanical properties.
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