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Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003382
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
... on unidirectional static and fatigue properties. MRLife allows selection of failure criteria, strength degradation functions, and stiffness degradation functions. The strength-based residual strength model has shown good predictive capability for spectrum fatigue loading ( Ref 18 ). It is considered as a good...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 May 2022
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11B.a0006921
EISBN: 978-1-62708-395-9
... the hydrostatic design basis approach, Miner's rule, the Arrhenius model, and the Paris Law for fatigue crack propagation, are discussed. accelerated testing Arrhenius model chemical degradation environmental stress cracking fatigue crack propagation Miner's rule Paris law polymeric materials...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2003
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13a.a0003706
EISBN: 978-1-62708-182-5
..., corrosion may degrade the static-strength capability of a structure. Such was the fate that befell a commercial airliner in 1981 ( Ref 1 , 13 ). Perhaps more perplexing, though, are the many corrosion and fatigue interactions. Only the first of the following definitions is standard: Corrosion...
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003512
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... of the structure to be knowingly degraded below ultimate strength (1.5 × limit). The damage-tolerance evaluation is merely a means of providing an inspection program for a structure that is not expected to crack under normal circumstances, but may crack in service due to inadvertent circumstances. If cracks...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 8
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2000
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v08.a0009219
EISBN: 978-1-62708-176-4
... or strain levels are included. The article also summarizes the consolidation of fatigue data generated at different conditions. fatigue curve fatigue data analysis fatigue resistance fatigue strength strength degradation model FATIGUE DATA are subject to considerable scatter or variability...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 August 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11A.a0006802
EISBN: 978-1-62708-329-4
... of known cracking. This interpretation is incorrect. No regulations allow the strength of the structure to be knowingly degraded below ultimate strength (1.5 × limit). The damage-tolerance evaluation is merely a means of providing an inspection program for a structure that is not expected to crack under...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 May 2022
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11B.a0006909
EISBN: 978-1-62708-395-9
... analytical (empirical, physical, or chemical) models. For the analytical model to be useful, the relationship between exposure and changes in material structure and properties should include degradation rates; dependence on environmental factors such as temperature, pressure, moisture content, or applied...
Book Chapter

By Bruce Craig
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2003
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13a.a0003634
EISBN: 978-1-62708-182-5
... the classical features of embrittlement (that is, reduced load-carrying capability or fracture below the yield strength). This section classifies the various forms of hydrogen damage, summarizes the various theories that seek to explain hydrogen damage, and reviews hydrogen degradation in specific ferrous...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003381
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
... from damping characteristic improvements, strength degradations, and little change to moduli. If effects are present, lesser differences are usually seen on fiber-dominated properties versus resin- dominated properties. Exceptions occur when the interface between the fiber and resin is attacked...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 23
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2012
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v23.a0005676
EISBN: 978-1-62708-198-6
... with oxygen to produce undesirable oxidation products. Oxidation and chain scission can occur for periods of months to years, causing loss of strength and embrittlement, with limited shelf life. Mechanisms leading to degradation of polymer properties Table 6 Mechanisms leading to degradation of polymer...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13c.a0004146
EISBN: 978-1-62708-184-9
... severely damaged and eventually severed high-strength low-alloy steels securing the flanges ( Fig. 5 ) ( Ref 20 ). Fig. 3 Reactor coolant pump closure stud degraded by exposure to borated water. Source: Ref 20 Many experimental studies have been carried out to reproduce the corrosion damage...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 May 2022
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11B.a0006942
EISBN: 978-1-62708-395-9
... Continuous improvement After subject event This Volume provides an introduction to various degradation, failure, and analytical processes specifically addressing plastics and polymeric materials. This information serves as a fundamental tool set and background needed by the failure analyst when...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003458
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
... Important factors Static strength and stability Full versus partial strength restoration Stability requirements Repair durability Fatigue loading Corrosion Environmental degradation Stiffness requirements Deflection limitations Flutter and other aeroelasticity effects Load path variations...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 May 2022
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11B.a0006929
EISBN: 978-1-62708-395-9
... degradation of the plastic. Adding glass and stabilizers substantially improves the performance of polyamides in hot and humid environments. Some polyamides absorb less moisture and retain their properties longer under hot and humid conditions. PA 12 loses approximately one-third of its strength due...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 May 2022
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11B.a0006915
EISBN: 978-1-62708-395-9
..., and addresses related considerations such as melt viscosity and melt strength, crystallization, orientation, die swell, melt fracture, shrinkage, molded-in stress, and polymer degradation. composition elastic modulus engineering plastics polymer properties polymer structure shear rate...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003457
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
...% limit load because of instability of the loading apparatus. Although the rudders were designed by stiffness considerations and only one residual strength test was conducted, the overall response of the rudder indicated that no degradation had occurred after 22,265 flight hours. B-727 Graphite-Epoxy...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 1A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 August 2017
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v01a.a0006331
EISBN: 978-1-62708-179-5
... and, by that change, the size of the cavity ( Ref 12 ). Chemically bonded sand (except sodium silicate binder) also begins to degrade and lose its strength. Most commercial binders degrade and lose their strength at approximately 250 to 450 °C (480 to 840 °F) ( Ref 13 ). Cores made with too much binder may retain...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003379
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
... fails first, either by intent, by design error, or because of impact damage. The state of the modeling propagation and arrest of matrix damage follows. Comparisons of this physics-based approach are then made to empirically based failure theories. compression strength fiber-reinforced polymer...
Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 1995
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.emde.a0003060
EISBN: 978-1-62708-200-6
...)</xref> The basic purpose of CARES/LIFE is to predict the lifetime reliability of a ceramic component. It does this by modeling slow crack growth and calculating the probability of failure as a function of service time. In particular, it can: Predict the strength degradation of certain materials ( Fig. 5 , 6...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003376
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
... and fracture mechanics will enable the full capability of composites to be modeled and exploited. Analysis Macromechanics uses the ply level as the building block for analyzing composite laminate behavior. Lamination theory is used to accurately predict laminate properties. These analysis methods...