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steel casting junctions

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Book: Casting
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 15
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v15.a0009024
EISBN: 978-1-62708-187-0
... Abstract In most castings, there are junctions between intersecting component members. This article describes how defects can be eliminated in five types of junctions in steel castings, namely the L-junction, T-junction, V-junction, X-junction, and Y-junction. It also discusses design...
Image
Published: 01 December 2008
Fig. 14 Y-junctions caused porosity in this 17-4 PH stainless steel investment casting. (a) Revising to T-junctions. (b) eliminated the cause of the defects. More
Book: Casting
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 15
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v15.a0009025
EISBN: 978-1-62708-187-0
... is questionable. A cast fitting made of a precipitation-hardening stainless steel is shown in Fig. 1(b) . Although the molten steel had good fluidity, and no difficulty was encountered in producing a sound casting, distortion was a serious problem. The junction of the two walls formed an area of increased...
Book: Casting
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 15
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v15.a0009022
EISBN: 978-1-62708-187-0
... to be produced to class 1A quality. Fig. 13 A critical application necessitated class 1A quality for this type 347 stainless steel investment casting. Hot tearing at the junctions and porosity in the body, which resulted from too-rapid solidification within the uniform wall of the tubular section, were...
Book Chapter

Book: Casting
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 15
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v15.a0005299
EISBN: 978-1-62708-187-0
... Abstract Sand mold and permanent mold casting are the major methods for shape casting of steels, with production closely split among green sand, chemically bonded sand, and permanent mold processes. This article describes key aspects of the steel casting process, including steel solidification...
Image
Published: 01 December 2008
Fig. 13 A critical application necessitated class 1A quality for this type 347 stainless steel investment casting. Hot tearing at the junctions and porosity in the body, which resulted from too-rapid solidification within the uniform wall of the tubular section, were eliminated by tapering More
Book: Casting
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 15
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v15.a0009021
EISBN: 978-1-62708-187-0
... was encountered in the production of the alloy steel part shown in Fig. 7 . This casting was molded in the position shown, because, had the mold been inverted, the heavy section at the junction of the shaft and plate sections could not have been fed through the long shaft. Because of its diameter, the entrance...
Book: Casting
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 15
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v15.a0009015
EISBN: 978-1-62708-187-0
.... The tables only provide a brief overview only for general approximate comparison. Ferrous metals, steel, gray and ductile iron, account for nearly 75% of all metals cast. On the nonferrous side, high-pressure die casting (HPDC) is the dominant process, largely because it readily accommodates scrap-based...
Book: Casting
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 15
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v15.a0005221
EISBN: 978-1-62708-187-0
... prepriming or a naturally pressurized system may be the only good solution at the present time to the gravity pouring of heavy steel castings using a bottom-teemed ladle. Perhaps the pouring of melts at any stage during the melting or casting process may ultimately be avoided in new designs of future...
Image
Published: 01 December 1998
Fig. 4 Stereo view of a fracture surface of cast experimental low-carbon steel. The smooth columnar contours in the lower portions of the photographs were the result of cracking along prior austenite grain boundaries during straightening. The upper portions of the photographs also show More
Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.a0003176
EISBN: 978-1-62708-199-3
... sections should freeze progressively, allowing the riser to supply liquid metal to feed shrinkage occurring during solidification. There are a number of excellent summaries of principles of good casting design (for example, the Steel Castings Handbook, jointly published by the Steel Founders' Society...
Book: Casting
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 15
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v15.a0009020
EISBN: 978-1-62708-187-0
... Abstract Casting offers a great amount of component design flexibility. This article discusses six casting design parameters that drive the geometry of casting design from a process standpoint. It provides information on the design of junctions and addresses considerations of secondary...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 1A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 August 2017
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v01a.a0006303
EISBN: 978-1-62708-179-5
... for all varieties of cast iron and all varieties of molds. It discusses the general conditions for the filling system layout, including the downsprue, sprue/runner junction, and runner. Both gray cast iron and compacted graphite iron exhibit a growth of graphite in direct contact with the liquid metal...
Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.a0003139
EISBN: 978-1-62708-199-3
... performance of die-cast AZ91 test specimens as compared to the range of performance observed for cold-rolled steel and die-cast aluminum alloy 380 samples. Such results have led to the definition of the critical contaminant limits for two magnesium-aluminum alloys in both low- and high-pressure cast form...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 20
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1997
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v20.a0002484
EISBN: 978-1-62708-194-8
... moduli of 50 are routinely produced for use as primary structures for commercial aircraft ( Ref 3 , 4 ). For carefully made thin sections, the Weibull modulus can be above 80 ( Ref 5 ), well above that expected for forgings. Ductile iron, most cast steel alloys, and copper-base alloys commonly have...
Book: Casting
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 15
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v15.a0009019
EISBN: 978-1-62708-187-0
... to the parting line and anchored at both ends Recommended maximum lengths for horizontal sand cores supported at both ends are given in Fig. 4(a) , for steel, aluminum, and magnesium castings. Such cores often bend upward because of the buoyant force of the molten metal. Steel causes more bending than...
Book: Casting
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 15
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v15.a0009023
EISBN: 978-1-62708-187-0
... the use of padding because of the impracticability of risering an isolated section. The sand cast steel gear housing shown schematically in Fig. 2 contains an internal web that supports a bearing boss totally inaccessible to direct risering. A preliminary casting, made as a test for unsoundness, showed...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 2A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 November 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v02a.a0006513
EISBN: 978-1-62708-207-5
... Abstract Aluminum casting in steel and iron permanent molds is used widely throughout industry, and the vast majority of permanent mold castings are made of aluminum and its alloys. There are several methods used to cast aluminum in permanent molds. This article focuses on permanent mold...
Book Chapter

Book: Casting
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 15
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v15.a0009016
EISBN: 978-1-62708-187-0
... of the final casting. Liquid shrinkage and solidification shrinkage are the concern of risering practice. In the absence of risers, a casting would otherwise solidify as shown in Fig. 2 . Fig. 1 Schematic of the shrinkage of low-carbon steel. The contribution of each one of the three distinct stages...
Book: Casting
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 15
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v15.a0005277
EISBN: 978-1-62708-187-0
... tested on all cast materials. Some rules have obvious implications and are applicable to all types of metals and alloys, including those based on aluminum, zinc, magnesium, cast irons, steels, air- and vacuum-cast nickel and cobalt, and titanium. Nevertheless, although all materials will probably benefit...