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steam cleaning
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Image
Published: 30 November 2018
Fig. 3 The effects of steam cleaning, with and without the addition of chemical cleaners, on anodized 5457 alloy. Steam alone, as well as steam plus proprietary cleaners A, B, and C, had no effect, whereas steam plus cleaners D and especially E had adverse effects, as illustrated. Care should
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Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 2A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 November 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v02a.a0006504
EISBN: 978-1-62708-207-5
.... It also describes the special cleaning procedures for aluminum alloys, such as steam cleaning and rotary wire-brush cleaning. The article reviews the use of temporary coatings and the use of maintenance coatings on aluminum. It provides information on the handling and storage procedures of aluminum alloys...
Abstract
The necessary precursor to a proper and durable finish is the preparation of the active aluminum surface to receive the desired protective finish that will allow it to have a long and attractive service life. This article helps those who work with aluminum in the many varieties of applications of such products. It describes the two main categories of cleaning that can be used with most any metal, namely, mechanical cleaning and chemical cleaning. The article provides a discussion on the laboratory evaluation of cleaners, field testing of cleaners, and cleaner types and procedures. It also describes the special cleaning procedures for aluminum alloys, such as steam cleaning and rotary wire-brush cleaning. The article reviews the use of temporary coatings and the use of maintenance coatings on aluminum. It provides information on the handling and storage procedures of aluminum alloys and the cleaning of specific applications of aluminum.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2003
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13a.a0003694
EISBN: 978-1-62708-182-5
... contaminants, removal of invisible contaminants, and roughening of the surface. Solvent or chemical washing, steam cleaning, hand tool cleaning, power tool cleaning, water blasting, and abrasive blast cleaning, are some preparation methods discussed. The article describes the most common application techniques...
Abstract
This article provides information on the factors influencing the selection of the proper corrosion-resistant coating system. It focuses on the proper execution of surface preparation and the available surface preparation methods. The preparation process includes the removal of visible contaminants, removal of invisible contaminants, and roughening of the surface. Solvent or chemical washing, steam cleaning, hand tool cleaning, power tool cleaning, water blasting, and abrasive blast cleaning, are some preparation methods discussed. The article describes the most common application techniques of coating as well as the equipment used. An overview of some of the most common coating inspection points and inspection equipment is also provided.
Image
Published: 01 January 2005
a perforated tube. The process fluid was agitated by the air. The vessel and the associated piping were steam cleaned daily. The subject pipe experienced repetitive cycles of cold water/air/steam. The cause of the leak was chloride-induced stress-corrosion cracking (SCC) resulting from the prior exposure
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Image
Published: 01 January 2005
-processing fluids and seasonings. The vessel was also steam cleaned in place. Type 303 stainless steel is not as resistant to corrosion as type 304 stainless steel. The damage comprised a mixture of end-grain attack associated with manganese sulfide stringers and pitting attack of the less corrosion
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Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13c.a0004143
EISBN: 978-1-62708-184-9
... Abstract This article describes the eight chemical cleaning methods, namely, circulation, fill and soak, cascade, foam, vapor-phase organic, steam-injected, on-line chemical, and mechanical cleaning. It presents information on deposit types, solvents used to remove them, and construction...
Abstract
This article describes the eight chemical cleaning methods, namely, circulation, fill and soak, cascade, foam, vapor-phase organic, steam-injected, on-line chemical, and mechanical cleaning. It presents information on deposit types, solvents used to remove them, and construction material incompatibilities in a table. The article summarizes the uses of chemical cleaning solutions, including hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, and sulfamic acid, as well as the additives used to neutralize their impact on corrosion. It discusses the chemical cleaning procedures, including selection of cleaning method and solvent, documentation of cleaning, and corrosion monitoring in chemical cleaning.
Book: Surface Engineering
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1994
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05.a0001222
EISBN: 978-1-62708-170-2
... such as brushes or squeegees Spray Cleaning The effectiveness, low cost of equipment, and high degree of flexibility associated with spray cleaning has made this method popular for many years. Specialized methods of spray cleaning include steam cleaning , in which the cleaning solution is injected...
Abstract
Alkaline cleaning is a commonly used method for removing a wide variety of soils from the surface of metals. This article focuses on the composition, operating conditions, and test and control of alkaline cleaners, as well as equipment used and their application methods. It describes the mechanisms of alkaline cleaning, such as saponification, displacement, emulsification and dispersion, and metal oxide dissolution. The article concludes with information of the safety and environmental considerations in the usage of alkaline cleaners.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04a.a0005777
EISBN: 978-1-62708-165-8
..., mechanical, chemical, and electrochemical and their effectiveness and applicability. The mechanical cleaning methods include grinding, brushing, steam or flame jet cleaning, abrasive blasting, and tumbling. Solvent cleaning, emulsion cleaning, alkaline cleaning, acid cleaning, pickling, and descaling...
Abstract
This article provides an overview of surface contaminants that may affect the heat treatment processes and end-product quality. It presents information on the chemicals used to clean different surface contaminants of steels. The article discusses three types of cleaning methods, namely, mechanical, chemical, and electrochemical and their effectiveness and applicability. The mechanical cleaning methods include grinding, brushing, steam or flame jet cleaning, abrasive blasting, and tumbling. Solvent cleaning, emulsion cleaning, alkaline cleaning, acid cleaning, pickling, and descaling are chemical cleaning methods. The electrochemical cleaning methods include electropolishing, electrolytic alkaline cleaning, and electrolytic pickling. The article provides information on cleanliness measurement methods such as qualitative tests and quantitative tests to ensure product quality. Health hazards that may be associated with each cleaning method and the general control measures to be used for each hazard are tabulated.
Book: Composites
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003428
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
... for contamination, if the aircraft surface still appears dirty. After the second cleaning, areas still dirty are allowed to dry and are locally hand cleaned. Following detergent cleaning, the aircraft exterior mold-line surfaces are steam cleaned using a minimum steam pressure of 1379 kPa (200 psig...
Abstract
Environmental effects of ground and flight environments, including temperature extremes, damage by chemical fluids, moisture, and so forth, affect the durability of polymer-matrix composites. This article provides information on corrosion control methods in aircraft structures. It discusses the design considerations for sealants in joints. The article describes the common methods to seal aircraft structures: fay surface, fillet, butt joint, channel, brush, and form-in-place seals. It discusses the surface preparation and application method of primer and topcoat systems. Primer and paint application equipment as well as sealant application equipment are reviewed.
Book: Surface Engineering
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1994
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05.a0001227
EISBN: 978-1-62708-170-2
... with handheld steam and high-pressure spray equipment. Proper safety equipment should be used when using formic and acetic acids at high concentrations. Most of the organic acids are nonvolatile; therefore, harmful vapors are not released during the cleaning operation. Spent organic acid cleaning solutions...
Abstract
This article focuses on the mineral and organic acid cleaning of iron and steel. It begins with a discussion on the application methods, process selection criteria, solution composition, equipment used, and control of process variables in mineral acid cleaning. The article then describes the advantages and disadvantages of organic acid cleaning. Applications, including boiler cleaning, stainless steel cleaning, and removal of iron- and copper-bearing deposits, are discussed. The article concludes with an overview of acid cleaning of nonferrous alloys.
Image
Published: 01 January 1987
Fig. 3 Fracture toughness specimen that has been intentionally corroded in a 5% salt steam chamber for 6 h. (a) Before ultrasonic cleaning in a heated Alconox solution for 30 min. (b) After ultrasonic cleaning
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Book Chapter
Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.a0003231
EISBN: 978-1-62708-199-3
.... Mechanical cleaning methods include tumbling, wet blasting, dry abrasive blasting, wire brushing, and high-pressure water or steam cleaning. Mechanical cleaning can mask flaws by smearing adjacent metal over them and by filling them with abrasive material. Solvent cleaning methods include vapor...
Abstract
Liquid-penetrant inspection is a nondestructive method used to find discontinuities that are open to the surface of solid, essentially nonporous materials. This article describes the physical principles and the process of liquid-penetrant inspection. It also describes the basic penetrant systems, such as the water-washable system, the post-emulsifiable system, and the solvent-removable system. The article provides information on the liquid-penetrant materials, emulsifiers, solvent cleaners, and developers. It details the equipment requirements, selection of penetrant system, and specifications and standards for the liquid-penetrant inspection.
Image
Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 3 Schematic representation of the temperature profile from flue gas temperature ( T o ) to bulk steam temperature ( T s ) for the clean tube and internally scaled conditions. Note that the effect of inside-diameter scale is to raise tube metal temperatures.
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Image
Published: 01 January 2005
Fig. 18 Rust stains on what should have been a clean surgical chisel prompted an investigation as to the cause. The history of use explains the condition. The instrument was first discarded by a surgeon due to a lack of cutting edge on the tool. Later, small blemishes on the surface alerted
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Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13c.a0004154
EISBN: 978-1-62708-184-9
... concentrate in the boiler water. Where the solubility of an impurity is exceeded, steam formation may leave behind precipitated deposits. These deposits in turn provide a sheltered environment that further increases chemical concentrations and deposition rates. In a clean boiler tube, concentration...
Abstract
This article briefly describes water and steam chemistry, which influence the effect of corrosion in boilers. The appropriate control measures to prevent corrosion in boilers are also presented. The article provides a discussion on the common causes of fluid-side corrosion such as flow-accelerated corrosion, oxygen pitting, chelant corrosion, caustic corrosion, acid corrosion, organic corrosion, phosphate corrosion, hydrogen damage, and corrosion-assisted cracking.
Book: Surface Engineering
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1994
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05.a0001224
EISBN: 978-1-62708-170-2
... in the retention time of parts in the cleaning cycle. Heating Steam is widely used as a source of heat in spray cleaning units. Gas immersion burners are not recommended, because they prevent a fire hazard. The capacity of the steam coils or plates should be sufficient to heat the solution to operating...
Abstract
Emulsion cleaning is an industrial cleaning process that uses an organic solvent as the main active agent. This article provides information on the applications, concerns and limitations, and process parameters of emulsion cleaning. It describes the processing variables and equipment for three main stages of emulsion cleaning: immersion cleaning, secondary cleaning, and spray cleaning. In addition, the classifications, composition, and selection criteria are also discussed.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 17
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v17.a0006440
EISBN: 978-1-62708-190-0
... to the entrapped liquid, which, under the effect of the adhesive forces between liquid and solid, spreads over the newly cleaned surface until an equilibrium distribution is attained ( Fig. 5 ). Fig. 5 Bead of liquid penetrant formed when, after excess penetrant has been removed from a workpiece surface...
Abstract
Liquid penetrant inspection is a nondestructive method of revealing discontinuities that are open to the surfaces of solid and essentially nonporous materials. This article provides information on physical principles, evolution, description, and processing parameters of liquid penetrant inspection as well as materials used. It discusses some of the more generally used types of equipment used in penetrant inspection and their requirements. The article describes various penetrant methods and their selection criteria and provides information on precleaning and postcleaning of workpieces before and after penetrant inspection. The quality assurance and maintenance of penetrant inspection materials are also discussed. The article concludes with information on specifications and standards applicable to penetrant inspection.
Image
Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 23 Two views of the fracture surface of a forged 17-4 PH stainless steel steam-turbine blade that failed by corrosion fatigue originating at severe corrosion pitting. (a) Light fractograph showing primary origin (arrow) and three secondary origins (along right edge below primary origin
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Book: Surface Engineering
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1994
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05.a0001223
EISBN: 978-1-62708-170-2
..., depending on the nature of the work. Such tanks may be heated by steam coils, but more often they are used at room temperature. Agitation is sometimes provided by mixer impellers or forced air. For in-process cleaning of small parts, such as those encountered on subassembly lines, a variety of specially...
Abstract
Solvent cleaning is a surface preparation process that can be accomplished in room temperature baths (cold cleaning ) or by condensing vapors of a solvent on a workpiece (vapor degreasing). This article provides a detailed discussion on solvents, equipment, process limitations and applications, and safety and health hazards of cold cleaning and vapor degreasing. It also includes information on control of contamination, conservation and recovery of solvent, and disposal of solvent wastes.
Image
Published: 15 January 2021
Fig. 23 Two views of the fracture surface of a forged 17-4 PH stainless steel steam-turbine blade that failed by corrosion fatigue originating at severe corrosion pitting. (a) Light fractograph showing primary origin (arrow) and three secondary origins (along right edge below primary origin
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