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Book Chapter

Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 3
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 27 April 2016
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v03.a0006228
EISBN: 978-1-62708-163-4
... Abstract Eutectoid and peritectoid transformations are classified as solid-state invariant transformations. This article focuses primarily on the structures from eutectoid transformations with emphasis on the classic iron-carbon system of steel. It reviews peritectoid phase equilibria...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 October 2011
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06a.a0005616
EISBN: 978-1-62708-174-0
... Abstract This article describes the fundamental aspects of three nondestructive evaluation (NDE) methods of solid-state welds in terms of operation principles. These methods are radiography, ultrasound, and eddy current methods. The article provides examples of these NDE techniques performed...
Book Chapter

By Jerry E. Gould
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 October 2011
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06a.a0005593
EISBN: 978-1-62708-174-0
... Abstract This article provides a fundamentals-based description of solid-state resistance projection welding. It details simple analytical tools to understand the variety of mechanisms that occur during resistance projection welding. Factors relating to the quality of solid projection...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 October 2011
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06a.a0005574
EISBN: 978-1-62708-174-0
... Abstract This article discusses three distinct mechanisms of bonding for solid-state (forge) welding processes, namely, contaminant displacement/interatomic bonding, dissociation of retained oxides, and decomposition of the interfacial structure. It explains the processes that can...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 October 2011
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06a.a0005556
EISBN: 978-1-62708-174-0
... Abstract This article discusses the mechanical properties of soft-interlayer solid-state welds and the implications of these behaviors to service stress states and environments. It illustrates the microstructure of as-deposited coatings and solid-state-welded interlayers. The article reviews...
Book Chapter

By Mehran Maalekian
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 October 2011
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06a.a0005613
EISBN: 978-1-62708-174-0
... Abstract Solid-state transformations occurring in a weld are highly nonequilibrium in nature and differ distinctly from those experienced during casting, thermomechanical processing, and heat treatment. This article provides a description of the special factors affecting transformation behavior...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 22A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2009
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v22a.a0005413
EISBN: 978-1-62708-196-2
..., stage IV work hardening, and the various classes of single-phase alloys. internal-state variable modeling plastic flow stress-strain behavior polycrystal modeling face-centered cubic metals strain rate diffusion hexagonal metals work hardening IF AN ABSOLUTELY PERFECT SINGLE CRYSTAL...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.a0003209
EISBN: 978-1-62708-199-3
... Abstract This article describes the mechanism, advantages and disadvantages, fundamentals, capabilities, variations, equipment used, and weldability of metals in solid-state welding processes, including diffusion bonding, explosion welding, friction welding, ultrasonic welding, upset welding...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 1A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 August 2017
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v01a.a0006311
EISBN: 978-1-62708-179-5
... is a function of chemical analysis, temperature, and holding time in the liquid state. X-ray analysis on liquid cast iron demonstrated that, for a Fe-4.1%C-1%Si alloy, the size of undissolved graphite immediately after melting was 36 to 38 nm ( Ref 1 ). It decreased by half after 5 to 6 h holding at 1220 °C...
Book Chapter

By W. Lehrheuer
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06.a0001374
EISBN: 978-1-62708-173-3
... Abstract This article describes the high-temperature solid-state welding process used to join members of similar or dissimilar materials by three stages, namely, primary bonding, bond-surface extension, and elimination of the original joining surface. It lists the various advantages...
Book Chapter

By R.S. Rosen
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06.a0001375
EISBN: 978-1-62708-173-3
... Abstract This article describes low-temperature solid-state welding processes in relation to the interlayer fabrication method, welding method, and welding parameters. The interlayer fabrication method is used to produce vacuum coated interlayers, electrodeposited interlayers, and foil...
Book Chapter

By Ray Dixon
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06.a0001347
EISBN: 978-1-62708-173-3
... Abstract Solid-state welding (SSW) processes are those that produce coalescence of the faying surfaces at temperatures below the melting point of the base metal being joined without the addition of brazing or solder filler metal. This article discusses the fundamentals of welding and joining...
Book Chapter

By P. Ravi Vishnu
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06.a0001341
EISBN: 978-1-62708-173-3
... Abstract Solid-state transformations occurring in a weld are highly nonequilibrium in nature and differ distinctly from those experienced during casting, thermomechanical processing, and heat treatment. This article focuses on welding metallurgy of fusion welding of steels and highlights...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06.a0001352
EISBN: 978-1-62708-173-3
... Abstract Soft-interlayer solid-state welds that join stronger base metals have unique mechanical properties that are of fundamental interest and may be of critical importance to designers. This article discusses the mechanical properties of soft-interlayer solid-state welds and the implications...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 17
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v17.a0006477
EISBN: 978-1-62708-190-0
... of the methods performed on various types of flaws resulting from solid-state welding processes. eddy current nondestructive evaluation solid-state welding ultrasound testing X-ray radiography A NUMBER OF NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION (NDE) methods, such as visual, liquid penetrant, magnetic particle...
Image
Published: 01 January 1986
Fig. 1 Absorption of a photon. (a) Ground state. (b) Transition. (c) Excited state More
Image
Published: 15 December 2019
Fig. 1 The energy gap (Δ E ) between the ground state ( g ) and excited state ( g *) of a species changes during a spot test reaction. The value of Δ E is equal to the energy of a photon ( E photon ) that the molecule can absorb, which depends on Planck’s constant ( h ), the speed of light More
Image
Published: 01 February 2024
Fig. 3 Schematic illustrations of (a) 3D stress state; (b) principal stress state More
Image
Published: 01 January 1986
Fig. 10 Si(Li) solid-state x-ray detector More
Image
Published: 01 January 1986
Fig. 2 Illustration of the isomer shift, S. (a) The ground- and excited-state energies are shifted by different amounts in source and absorber. The transition energy is larger in the absorber. (b) The shifted spectrum that results from such situations as (a) More