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soluble debris

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Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 23
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2012
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v23.a0005666
EISBN: 978-1-62708-198-6
... Abstract Implant debris is known to cause local inflammation, local osteolysis, and, in some cases, local and systemic hypersensitivity. The debris can be stainless steel, cobalt alloy, and titanium alloy, and soluble debris obtained due to wear from all orthopedic implants. This article...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 September 2015
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05b.a0006024
EISBN: 978-1-62708-172-6
... Abstract This article reviews the steps involved in presurface-preparation inspection: substrate replacement; removal of weld spatter, rounding of sharp edges, and grinding of slivers/laminations; and removal of rust scale, grease, oil, and chemical (soluble salt) contamination. It focuses...
Book Chapter

By David V. Neff
Book: Casting
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 15
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v15.a0005353
EISBN: 978-1-62708-187-0
... ( Ref 1 ). The other major cause of gas porosity in castings is the evolution of dissolved gases from melting, and dross or slag containing gas porosity. For example, liquid cast iron may have dissolved hydrogen and nitrogen. The solubility of these gases in the solid may be less than...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 September 2015
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05b.a0006072
EISBN: 978-1-62708-172-6
..., the atmospheric severity and the presence of moisture contaminated with soluble salts are usually the determining factors. After corrosion initiation, propagation occurs relatively quickly, and repairs should be done while the bridge condition is fair and there is less than approximately 5% coating failure...
Book Chapter

By P.H. Shipway
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 18
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 December 2017
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v18.a0006414
EISBN: 978-1-62708-192-4
... occur between contacting surfaces, which are nominally at rest. In general, one of the immediate consequences of the process for metallic contact in normal atmospheric conditions is the production of oxide debris; thus, the terms “fretting wear” and “fretting corrosion” are applied to the phenomenon...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003562
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
..., type of contact and vibration, impact fretting, surface finish, and residual stresses. The form, composition, and role of the debris are briefly discussed. The article also describes the measurement, mechanism, and prevention of fretting wear. It concludes with several examples of failures related...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 January 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0006829
EISBN: 978-1-62708-295-2
... Abstract Fretting is a wear phenomenon that occurs between two mating surfaces; initially, it is adhesive in nature, and vibration or small-amplitude oscillation is an essential causative factor. Fretting generates wear debris, which oxidizes, leading to a corrosion-like morphology...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05a.a0005725
EISBN: 978-1-62708-171-9
... Vapor degreasing is commonly used to remove oils, greases, and other solvent-soluble organic compounds. It is fast, economical, and efficient. Hot vapor degreasing is a variation that is even faster and more efficient. Porous materials such as castings, P/M parts, or cast irons should be soaked for 15...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13c.a0004103
EISBN: 978-1-62708-184-9
... to 100 atoms thick ( Ref 6 ). It is composed mainly of chromium oxide, which prevents further diffusion of oxygen into the base metal. However, chromium is also stainless steel's Achilles heel, and the chloride ion is the problem. Chloride combines with the chromium in the passive layer to form soluble...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 September 2015
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05b.a0006062
EISBN: 978-1-62708-172-6
.... The typical environment includes: Temperature: ambient pH: 4 to 7 (neutral) Products are often wet or waterborne. Splashing and abrasion are common. Debarking area has heavy dust and sawdust fallout. Interior: drier mill atmosphere with heavy debris and dust fallout Exterior: mill...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 09 June 2014
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04c.a0005850
EISBN: 978-1-62708-167-2
... types in which to keep the holes clean. They still need cleaning; usually a stiff wire (paper clip) inserted into the hole is used to push the debris back into the quench pocket. However, this is only a temporary fix, because the debris will not always get washed out. Someone experienced...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 September 2015
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05b.a0006016
EISBN: 978-1-62708-172-6
... cleanliness Visual Removal of all visible grease, oil, and debris Verify correct type and cleanliness of abrasive media Visual and conductivity meter Expendable, angular slag, no visible oil; <1000 μS/cm conductivity Verify compressed air cleanliness Blotter test Clean, dry air; no evidence...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13c.a0004163
EISBN: 978-1-62708-184-9
... as a fluxing agent capable of removing the stainless alloy protective chromium oxide scale. This fluxing reaction occurs according to the equation: Cr 2 O 3 + 4 NaCl + 5 2 O 2 = 2 Na 2 CrO 4 + 4 Cl The sodium chromate is water soluble and easily removed...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 14B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v14b.a0005159
EISBN: 978-1-62708-186-3
... problems during use. Coatings applied to sheet metal surfaces—most often at the sheet or strip finish mill—have been used alone or as undercoatings to lubricants applied at the press. Water-soluble polymers, phosphate conversion coatings, soap solutions, and organic resins (either with or without other...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13c.a0004141
EISBN: 978-1-62708-184-9
...-soluble species (sulfuric acid, nitric acid) to the surface of outdoor monuments ( Ref 16 ). Dry deposition transfers dry material (gases, microscopic particles, large debris) to outdoor surfaces. Soot, for example, is a microscopic particle produced by incomplete combustion of fossil fuels and often...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 23
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2012
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v23.a0005674
EISBN: 978-1-62708-198-6
... minimized in titanium alloys because it causes hydrogen embrittlement by the precipitation hydrides, so the maximum limit allowed is approximately 0.015 wt% (∼100 ppm). When the solubility limit of hydrogen in titanium (∼100 to 150 ppm for commercially pure titanium) is exceeded, hydrides begin...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 September 2015
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05b.a0006035
EISBN: 978-1-62708-172-6
... function of a safety-related (SR) structure, system, or component ( Fig. 5 ). The coatings are not subject to radiation exposure or radionuclide contamination. Under normal operation or during upset conditions, degraded linings may generate debris that could adversely affect the performance of the SR...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 18
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 December 2017
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v18.a0006393
EISBN: 978-1-62708-192-4
... fatigue wear (spalling). Often-cited criteria include maximum orthogonal shear stress, octahedral shear stress, and von Mises stress, all of which are typically subsurface. Abrasive wear within rolling-element bearings is commonly due to the presence of foreign debris. Residue established at the time...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 2A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 November 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v02a.a0006535
EISBN: 978-1-62708-207-5
... properties. Apart from adjusting the chemical composition, melting metallurgy also must take account of three factors: the high hydrogen solubility of liquid aluminum (gas absorption), the high affinity aluminum has to oxygen (oxidation), and adjustment of the nucleation state (refinement...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4D
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 October 2014
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04d.a0005939
EISBN: 978-1-62708-168-9
... and higher solubility limits than the ferritic (body-centered cubic, or bcc) structure. Austenitic stainless steels are among the most ductile and most corrosion resistant of all ferrous alloys. However, they have only modest hardness compared to other steels, limiting their performance in many...