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solidification cracking
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Published: 31 October 2011
Fig. 23 Schematic indicating projected echanism of solidification cracking in an electroslag weldment. Source: Ref 54 , 55
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Published: 01 January 1993
Fig. 17 Schematic indicating projected mechanism of solidification cracking in an electroslag weldment. Source: Ref 54 , 55
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Published: 01 January 1993
Fig. 7 Relationship between solidification cracking susceptibility and Cr eq /Ni eq ratio. Boundary between cracking and no cracking at Cr eq /Ni eq = 1.5 corresponds to change in solidification mode from primary austenite below 1.5 to primary ferrite above 1.5. Source: Ref 18
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Published: 01 January 1993
Fig. 10 Pulsed Nd:YAG laser-beam weld exhibiting severe solidification cracking as a consequence of primary austenite solidification, Cr eq /Ni eq = 1.6. Source: Ref 28
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Published: 01 January 1993
Fig. 11 Diagram for predicting weld solidification cracking susceptibility of pulsed laser welds in austenitic stainless steels. Note WRC equivalents are used. Source: Ref 28
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Published: 30 August 2021
Fig. 6 Effect of weld geometry on solidification cracking susceptibility. Reprinted from Ref 10 with permission from The Lincoln Electric Company
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Published: 01 January 1993
Fig. 8 Solidification crack in electron-beam weld along weld center in region where solidification occurred as primary austenite as a result of higher solidification and cooling rates
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Published: 01 January 1993
Fig. 12 SEM fractograph showing surface of fusion zone solidification crack in gas-tungsten arc welded Ti-6Al-6V-2Sn. Source: Ref 18
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Published: 01 January 1993
Fig. 2 Effect of alloying additions on solidification crack sensitivity of selected aluminum alloy systems. (a) Aluminum-lithium. (b) Aluminum-silicon. (c) Aluminum-copper. (d) Aluminum-magnesium. (e) Aluminum-magnesium silicide. Source: Ref 1 , 3 , 4 , 5 , and 6
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Published: 01 January 1993
Fig. 1 Solidification crack in a pulsed Nd:YAG laser weld joining Hastelloy C-276 to 17-4 PH stainless steel. YAG, yttrium-aluminum-garnet
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Published: 01 January 1993
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06.a0001410
EISBN: 978-1-62708-173-3
... behavior and microstructural evolution that dictate weld-metal ferrite content and morphology. The article describes weld defect formation, namely, solidification cracking, heat-affected zone liquation cracking, weld-metal liquation cracking, copper contamination cracking, ductility dip cracking, and weld...
Abstract
Austenitic stainless steels exhibit a single-phase, face-centered cubic structure that is maintained over a wide range of temperatures. This article reviews the compositions of standard and nonstandard austenitic stainless steels. It summarizes the important aspects of solidification behavior and microstructural evolution that dictate weld-metal ferrite content and morphology. The article describes weld defect formation, namely, solidification cracking, heat-affected zone liquation cracking, weld-metal liquation cracking, copper contamination cracking, ductility dip cracking, and weld porosity. It discusses four general types of corrosive attack: intergranular attack, stress-corrosion cracking, pitting and crevice corrosion, and microbiologically influenced corrosion. The article concludes with information on weld thermal treatments such as preheat and interpass heat treatments and postweld heat treatment.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 24
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 June 2020
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v24.a0006582
EISBN: 978-1-62708-290-7
... cracking mechanisms in AM nickel-base superalloys, such as solid-solution-strengthened nickel-base superalloys and precipitate-strengthened nickel-base superalloys. The mechanisms include solidification cracking, strain-age cracking, liquation cracking, and ductility-dip cracking. The article also provides...
Abstract
This article covers the current state of materials development of nickel-base superalloys for additive manufacturing (AM) processes and the associated challenges. The discussion focuses on nickel-base superalloy fusion AM processes, providing information on typically encountered cracking mechanisms in AM nickel-base superalloys, such as solid-solution-strengthened nickel-base superalloys and precipitate-strengthened nickel-base superalloys. The mechanisms include solidification cracking, strain-age cracking, liquation cracking, and ductility-dip cracking. The article also provides a short discussion on binder jet AM and powder recyclability.
Book Chapter
Book: Fractography
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 12
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1987
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v12.a0000609
EISBN: 978-1-62708-181-8
... Abstract This article is an atlas of fractographs that helps in understanding the causes and mechanisms of fracture of ASTM/ASME alloy steels and in identifying and interpreting the morphology of fracture surfaces. The fractographs illustrate the solidification cracking, creep failure, brittle...
Abstract
This article is an atlas of fractographs that helps in understanding the causes and mechanisms of fracture of ASTM/ASME alloy steels and in identifying and interpreting the morphology of fracture surfaces. The fractographs illustrate the solidification cracking, creep failure, brittle fracture, fracture by overpressurization, inclusion effect, fatigue crack propagation, ductile fatigue striation, secondary cracking, intergranular fracture, and elevated-temperature fracture of alloy steels used in pressure vessels, steam boiler superheater tubes, and box-girder bridges.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 2A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 November 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v02a.a0006510
EISBN: 978-1-62708-207-5
..., and susceptibility to solidification cracking and liquation cracking. It provides an overview on welding processes, including gas metal arc welding, gas tungsten arc welding, resistance spot and seam welding, laser beam welding, and various solid-state welding processes. A review on joint design is also included...
Abstract
Weldability is a function of three major factors: base material quality, welding process, and design. This article focuses on base-metal weldability of aluminum alloys in terms of mechanical property degradation in both the weld region and heat-affected zone, weld porosity, and susceptibility to solidification cracking and liquation cracking. It provides an overview on welding processes, including gas metal arc welding, gas tungsten arc welding, resistance spot and seam welding, laser beam welding, and various solid-state welding processes. A review on joint design is also included, mainly in the general factors associated with service weldability (fitness). The article also provides a discussion on the selection and weldability of non-heat-treatable aluminum alloys, heat treatable aluminum alloys, aluminum-lithium alloys, and aluminum metal-matrix composites.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 October 2011
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06a.a0005566
EISBN: 978-1-62708-174-0
...: solid, cored, and strip. The article highlights the factors to be considered for controlling the welding process, including fit-up of work, travel speed, and flux depth. It also evaluates the defects that occur in SAW: lack of fusion, slag entrapment, solidification cracking, and hydrogen cracking...
Abstract
Submerged arc welding (SAW) is suited for applications involving long, continuous welds. This article describes the operating principle, application, advantages, limitations, power source, equipment, and fluxes in SAW. It reviews three different types of electrodes manufactured for SAW: solid, cored, and strip. The article highlights the factors