Fig. 3 Slag corrosion and penetration of a refractory leading to crack formation, the precondition to structural spalling More

Fig. 34 Diagram of a slag skimmer. Courtesy of ABP Induction Systems More

Fig. 35 Deslagging using a slag skimmer. Courtesy of ABP Induction Systems More

Fig. 22 Desulfurization and cleaning steel melts by slag reaction with simultaneous argon flushing in a medium frequency (induction furnace. Source: Ref 27 More

Fig. 28 Thermal flow pattern of a ladle furnace. 1, arc; 2, melt; 3, slag, electrode tip, and lining; 4, vessel, cover, busbars, and environment More

Fig. 68 Fracture surface of failed crosshead showing slag inclusions (dark) and fatigue beach marks More

Fig. 70 Close-up view of the crack-initiation area in Fig. 69 , showing slag inclusions (dark spots). ∼10× More

Fig. 71 Energy-dispersive spectroscopy spectrum indicating presence of slag More

Fig. 31 Slag in steel metal. (a) Oblong. Etchant, 2% nital. 165×. (b) Lamellar. Etchant, 2% nital. 165×. (c) Jagged irregular. Fatigue fractograph as-is. ∼15× More

Fig. 32 Causes and remedies of slag inclusions in weldments More

Fig. 33 Quality bands for slag inclusions representing as-welded carbon-manganese steel More

Fig. 4 Microstructure of replicated bronze-making slag. Visible are spheroids of metallic bronze, rhomboidal tin oxide crystals, and spherical voids in a glassy silicate matrix. Unetched More

Fig. 14 Microstructure of forged wrought iron showing slag stringers in a ferrite matrix. (a) Longitudinal plane. (b) Transverse plane. As polished. 100× More

Fig. 28 Radiograph showing a crack (dark line at top) and entrapped slag inclusions (dark spots at arrows) on opposite sides of a multiple-pass butt weld joining two 180 mm (7 in.) thick steel plates. Radiograph was made with 1 MeV x-rays on Industrex AA (Eastman Kodak) film. More

Fig. 28 A poorly skimmed ladle permitted slag to enter the mold cavity. Used with permission from Ref 13 More

Fig. 32 (a) Example of slag entrapment. (b) Corresponding cross section in the casting. Used with permission from Ref 13 More

Fig. 39 Dross and slag slinger defect in ductile iron. Used with permission from Ref 13 More

Fig. 13 Nonmetallic inclusions observed in ductile iron castings. (a) Slag particles. Source: Ref 46 (b) Drosses Source: Ref 46 . (c) Undissolved inoculant particles. Source: Ref 7 More

Fig. 1 Cumulative-loss data from electrochemical measurements in molten slag. LPR, linear polarization resistance; harmonics, harmonic distortion analysis (HDA). Source: Ref 1 More

Fig. 10 Crevice corrosion under residual slag (S) in IN-135 weld metal after bleach plant exposure. Etched with glycergia. Source: Ref 5 More