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Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003385
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
... stiffness effects. The article presents the study of instability associated with postbuckling behavior and hygrothermal buckling in composite sandwich panels and shell panels. composites orthotropic plates anisotropic plates unsymmetric plates transverse shear stiffness postbuckling hygrothermal...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003388
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
... of Cylindrical Sandwich Shells under Axial and Lateral Load 1854 Compressive Buckling Curves for Sandwich Panels with Isotropic Facings and Isotropic or Orthotropic Cores 1857 Elastic Buckling of a Simply Supported Rectangular Sandwich Panel Subjected to Combined Edgewise Bending and Compression 1857...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 August 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11A.a0006804
EISBN: 978-1-62708-329-4
.... Fig. 4 Example blast pressure versus standoff plot Example Blast Damage Indicators Light-gage metal panels are common in many industrial facilities and can be good indicators at low load levels ( Ref 3 ). A full building may provide a range of differential responses, with variations...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003414
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
... manually into a female fiberglass mold. The second mold half is, in general, a flexible fiberglass shell. A small injection machine is commonly used to automate mixing of the resin components. The injection machine also shortens the cycle time due to pressurization of the inlet. Body panels are also...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003476
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
... these components are secondary structures, they provide important flowpath performance benefits. The inner duct has a 100 cm (40 in.) diameter, 40 cm (15 in.) length, and 1.5 mm (0.060 in.) thick shell, and is fabricated with T300-PMR-15 fabric. The frame splitter panels ( Ref 23 ) are eight separate curved panels...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 19
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1996
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v19.a0002416
EISBN: 978-1-62708-193-1
... to reduce burst pressure of small and large pressure vessels. Postimpact compression failing strains ( Ref 4 ) are plotted against impacter kinetic energy in Fig. 21 for coupons and three-spar stiffened panels. The “hard” skins were nominally 6.3 mm thick and were made with [38/50/12] and [42/50/8...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 14B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v14b.a0005162
EISBN: 978-1-62708-186-3
... finishes, metal thicknesses, and alloying. The article explains the bending and forming operations with some examples. It also describes the formation of various shells, including doubly contoured shells, deep recessed shells, and deep circular shells. alloying formability high-carbon steels low...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003407
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
... design, the limiting factor tends to be the minimum outer skin thickness, a criterion based on durability and unrelated to frame spacing or shell properties. The design begins with the selection of an acceptable skin thickness, and from there develops core specification to suit the unsupported panel...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 14B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v14b.a0005141
EISBN: 978-1-62708-186-3
... rewards they offer. Some of the components where TWBs are currently being used are body side panels, motor compartment rails, center pillar inner panels, door inner panels, and wheel-house/shock tower panels ( Ref 16 , 17 ). Bending The most common problems encountered in practice are springback...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13c.a0004163
EISBN: 978-1-62708-184-9
... of the laminate heat shield were not watertight. Saltwater soaked the fiber mat, putting salt crystals in intimate contact with the 304 surfaces. The 304 layer closest to the hot converter shell experienced temperatures high enough to melt the salt. The subsequent intergranular attack is shown...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003413
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
...-dimensional weaves, for example. Fiber architecture imposes the main limit on achievable volume fraction of fiber ( V f ); 65 vol% is feasible for flat panels (although 60% is a more realistic target), while for (continuous) random reinforcements 35 vol% represents a practical ceiling. Cost reduction...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003475
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
... and nonstructural applications on spacecraft (Ref 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , and 15 ). These applications include truss structure, equipment-panel structure, optical benches, radiators, solar array support structures, antenna reflectors, antenna masts, electronic...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 14B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v14b.a0005168
EISBN: 978-1-62708-186-3
..., and clam-shell-resistant design via FE analysis and the Taguchi ( Ref 1 ) optimization method. Material Modeling Plasticity of Aluminum Alloys Macroscopic Observations Aspects of the plastic deformation and ductility of aluminum alloys at low and moderate strain rates and subjected...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 October 2011
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06a.a0005592
EISBN: 978-1-62708-174-0
.... Experimental testing was used for verification purposes. Fillet welding was performed on panels of various sizes, and residual-stress and distortion measurements were obtained and used as a benchmark to evaluate the accuracy of the various modeling methods. The panel thickness and welding conditions were kept...
Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.a0003223
EISBN: 978-1-62708-199-3
... Si Outer and inner body panels, load floors, bumper face bars, bumpers, reinforcements, structural and weldable parts, seat shells 6022 0.08–1.5 Si Outer and inner body panels 6061 0.40–0.8 Si Body components (extruded), brackets (extruded and sheet), suspension parts (forgings...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 14B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v14b.a0005142
EISBN: 978-1-62708-186-3
...-to-thickness ( d / t ) ratio for deep drawing of cylindrical beryllium shells. Datapoints are experimental observations (double action or single action) used to derive the curve limits; d , blank diameter; t , blank thickness; shaded areas, marginal. Source: Ref 1 The curves in Fig. 3 describe...
Book: Casting
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 15
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v15.a0005195
EISBN: 978-1-62708-187-0
... Abstract This article focuses on the construction, operation of electric arc furnaces (EAF), and their auxiliary equipment in the steel foundry industry. It provides information on the power supply of EAF and discusses the components of the EAF, including the roof, furnace shell, spout and tap...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 14B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v14b.a0005121
EISBN: 978-1-62708-186-3
..., bending at the die radius, and straightening in the die wall. The process is capable of forming beverage cans, sinks, cooking pots, ammunition shell containers, pressure vessels, and auto body panels and parts. The term deep drawing implies that some drawing-in of the flange metal occurs...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003390
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
... and point-stress analysis to micromechanical modeling to shell buckling and other structural considerations. The problem now becomes one of finding a program that meets the user's needs. Evaluation Criteria Criteria for evaluating computer programs for composites structural analysis include database...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 2A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 November 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v02a.a0006527
EISBN: 978-1-62708-207-5
... pencils, umbrella poles, refrigerator parts and furniture components. Swaging can be used also for internal threading of tubes, producing multiple shouldering inside tubes, pre-forming of forging slugs, supplementary forming of deep-drawn shells, and fastening tubular members to a core, as in cable...