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Book Chapter

By R. W. Leonard
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 1
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1990
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v01.a0001012
EISBN: 978-1-62708-161-0
... Abstract Steel sheet is often coated in coil form prior to fabrication to save time, reduce production costs, and streamline operations. This article examines the most common precoating methods and provides a metallurgical understanding of how they impact the manufacturability, performance...
Book Chapter

By W.G. Granzow
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 1
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1990
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v01.a0001031
EISBN: 978-1-62708-161-0
... Abstract Steel sheet is widely used for industrial and consumer products, partly because it is relatively strong, easily joined, and readily available at moderate cost. This article discusses the mechanical properties and formability of steel sheet, the use of circle grid analysis to identify...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 1
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1990
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v01.a0001011
EISBN: 978-1-62708-161-0
... Abstract This article addresses classifications and designations for carbon and low-alloy steel sheet and strip product forms based on composition, quality descriptors, mechanical properties, and other factors. Carbon steel sheet and strip are available as hot-rolled and as cold-rolled products...
Book

Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 14B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v14b.9781627081863
EISBN: 978-1-62708-186-3
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 14B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v14b.a0005169
EISBN: 978-1-62708-186-3
...ASM Handbook, Volume 14B: Metalworking: Sheet Forming Copyright © 2006 ASM International® S.L. Semiatin, editor, p904-907 All rights reserved. DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v14b.a0005169 www.asminternational.org Abbreviations and Symbols a specimen half radius; crack CAD computer-aided design DMM dynamic...
Book Chapter

By S.L. Semiatin
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 14B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v14b.a0005100
EISBN: 978-1-62708-186-3
... Abstract Sheet forming comprises deformation processes in which a metal blank is shaped by tools or dies, primarily under the action of tensile stresses. This article discusses the classification of sheet-forming processes for obtaining desired dimensional features. It describes different...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 14B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v14b.a0005119
EISBN: 978-1-62708-186-3
... magnets but have properties that make them useful in electrical applications. Most of the parts produced from electrical steels must be laminated. A lamination consists of flat blanked sheets of a particular shape that are stacked to a given height and fastened together by riveting, bolting, or welding...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 14B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v14b.a0005161
EISBN: 978-1-62708-186-3
... Abstract Bending is a common metalworking operation to create localized deformation in sheets (or blanks), plates, sections, tubes, and wires. This article emphasizes on the bending of sheet metal along with some coverage on flanging. It informs that variations in the bending stresses cause...
Book Chapter

By Howard Kuhn
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 14B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v14b.a0005101
EISBN: 978-1-62708-186-3
... Abstract Sheet-forming processes provide considerable geometric and material flexibility in meeting these requirements, and design of parts for sheet forming must take into account these benefits as well as the limitations of the processes. This article reviews the basic forming operations...
Book Chapter

By L. Chen
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 14B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v14b.a0005102
EISBN: 978-1-62708-186-3
... plates rotary shearing shear knives shearing shearing machines sheets straight-knife shearing straight-knife shearing defects strips SHEARING is a method for cutting a material piece into smaller pieces using a shear knife to force the material past an opposition shear knife in a progression...
Book Chapter

By Chung-Yeh Sa
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 14B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v14b.a0005151
EISBN: 978-1-62708-186-3
... Abstract This article focuses on the technology breakthroughs that make forming simulation a routine work throughout the industry. It discusses many forms of the computer-aided engineering (CAE) methodology. The article describes several failure criteria to predict the failure of sheet metal...
Book Chapter

By Alan Male
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 14B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v14b.a0005130
EISBN: 978-1-62708-186-3
... property microstructure plasma torch plates sheets stainless steel thermal forming THERMAL FORMING OF METALS refers to the development of permanent deformation without the application of external mechanical forces. It is based on the fundamental physical principle that most metals expand when...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 14B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v14b.a0005112
EISBN: 978-1-62708-186-3
... Abstract This article describes the various types of press construction and the factors that influence the selection of mechanically or hydraulically powered machines for producing parts from sheet metal. Presses are broadly classified, according to the type of frame used in their construction...
Book Chapter

By Howard W. Sizek
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 14B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v14b.a0005145
EISBN: 978-1-62708-186-3
..., especially in thin sheets, because most of these alloys can be hot formed effectively only in a narrow temperature range between approximately 925 and 1260 °C (1700 and 2300 °F). Annealing between cold forming operations is usually preferred to hot forming. This article discusses forming techniques...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 14B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v14b.a0005154
EISBN: 978-1-62708-186-3
... Abstract Rapid prototyping (RP) techniques in the sheet-metal forming industry is developed to quickly test the form and fit of new sheet-metal products on a prototype basis as well as for production runs characterized by small lot sizes. This article provides an overview of some...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 14B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v14b.a0005155
EISBN: 978-1-62708-186-3
... Abstract This article is a compilation of definitions of the terms related to sheet metal forming and fabrication. fabrication sheet metal forming ASM Handbook, Volume 14B: Metalworking: Sheet Forming Copyright © 2006 ASM International® S.L. Semiatin, editor, p861-886 All rights...
Book Chapter

By Deepak Ravindran, Yu-Chih Su
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 14B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v14b.a0009152
EISBN: 978-1-62708-186-3
... sensors, photoelectric sensors, and ultrasonic sensors. The article provides information on the sensors used for detecting tool breakages and flaws in parts, the measurement of material flow during sheet metal forming, and lubrication. It also describes the operating stages of machine vision systems used...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 14B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v14b.a0005159
EISBN: 978-1-62708-186-3
... Abstract This article provides an overview of the interfacial interactions with a lubricant film between a die and a metal, lubricant mechanisms, chemistry, qualification testing, application methods, and property test methods. It focuses on sheet metal-forming operations, although...
Book Chapter

By G. Hirt, M. Bambach
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 14B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v14b.a0009153
EISBN: 978-1-62708-186-3
... Abstract This article provides an overview of the incremental sheet forming (ISF) process and discusses the process variations of ISF. These variations include single-point incremental forming, two-point incremental forming, and kinematic incremental sheet forming. The article discusses...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 14B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v14b.a0005179
EISBN: 978-1-62708-186-3
... Abstract This article introduces process factors that influence die wear and lubrication for metal forming operations such as bending, spinning, stretching, deep drawing, and ironing. It discusses the effects of part shape, sheet thickness, tolerance requirements, sheet metal, and lubrication...