Ceramics usually require some form of machining prior to use to meet dimensional and surface quality standards. This article focuses on abrasive machining, particularly grinding, and addresses common methods and critical process factors. It covers cylindrical, centerless, and disk grinding and provides information on tooling, wheel selection, work material, and operational factors. It also discusses precision slicing and slotting, lapping, honing, and polishing as well as abrasive waterjet, electrical discharge, laser, and ultrasonic machining.

Shaping and slotting are used to remove metal from surfaces through the use of a single-point tool supported by a ram that reciprocates the tool in a linear motion against the workpiece. This article discusses the process capabilities of shaping and slotting with respect to the size and configuration of the workpiece. Shaping and slotting machines develop cutting action from a straight-line reciprocating motion between the tool and the workpiece. The article describes the types of shapers such as horizontal shaper and vertical shaper. It briefly discusses the applications of high-speed steel tools and carbide tools for shaping. The article also illustrates the dimensional control of workpieces during shaping. It concludes with a discussion on gear shaping.