Search Results for self-fluxing

This article describes the dip brazing process and the principal types of furnaces used for molten-salt-bath dip-brazing applications. It provides information on equipment maintenance, which is divided into temperature control, control of the liquid, and maintenance of the vessel. The article presents the typical salts used for molten-salt dip brazing of carbon and low-alloy steels with selected filler metals in tabular form. It concludes with information on dip brazing of stainless steels, cast irons, and aluminum alloys and safety precautions of the process.

Thermal spray is an important surface-modification process implemented by the steel industry. This article reviews thermal spray materials and equipment used and also provides examples of where typical coated components result in improved performance. It contains a table that lists thermal spray applications in the iron-steel manufacturing industry.

Copper, copper alloys, and precious metals are probably the most easily brazed metals because of their resistance to oxidation at high temperatures. This article provides a brief discussion on the metallurgy of copper, copper alloys, and precious metals and discusses the filler metals, brazing fluxes, joint clearance and design, and different brazing processes used in brazing of copper, copper alloys, and precious metals.

This article describes the process of selecting an optimum coating and material system for a specific application. It reviews critical coating functions that influence the coating selection process, and presents some application success stories. The article explores the benefits of thermal spray coatings and functions they provide. It also presents key references from various National Thermal Spray Conference, United Thermal Spray Conference, and International Thermal Spray Conference Proceedings from 2006 through 2012.

The shielding gas used in an arc welding process has a significant influence on the overall performance of the welding system. These gases are argon, helium, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide. This article discusses the shielding gas selection criteria for plasma arc welding, gas metal arc welding, and flux cored arc welding. It describes the basic properties of shielding gases, namely, dissociation, recombination, reactivity potential, oxidation potential, and gas purity. The article also provides information on the influence of the shielding gas on weld mechanical properties and self-shielded flux cored arc welding.

In the flux-cored arc welding (FCAW) process, the heat for welding is produced by an electric arc between a continuous filler metal electrode and a workpiece. This article discusses the advantages and disadvantages and applications of the FCAW process. It schematically illustrates the semiautomatic FCAW equipment used in the gas-shielded FCAW process. The article discusses the manufacture of flux-cored electrodes and the classification of electrodes, such as carbon and low-alloy steel electrodes, stainless steel electrodes, and nickel-base electrodes. The functions of common core ingredients in FCAW electrodes are listed in a table.

This article describes the process features, advantages, limitations, and applications of the flux cored arc welding (FCAW) as well as the equipment used in the process. Base metals, namely, carbon and low-alloy steels, stainless steels, and nickel-base alloys, welded by the FCAW process are reviewed. The article illustrates the manufacturing process for the electrodes used in FCAW and outlines the classification of carbon and low-alloy steel, stainless steel, and nickel-base electrodes.

This article is a compilation of tables summarizing the fusion welding process. Included in the article is a table that presents the various fusion welding and cutting processes and their applications. Information on the general characteristics of arc welding processes is tabulated. The article also contains a list of the various criteria for selecting the suitable welding process for carbon steels.

This article focuses on the various criteria considered in the selection of product forms, joint types, solders, and filler metals for brazing and soldering of base material components.

This article focuses on clad brazing material, which is defined as any base material or alloy that is clad with an appropriate lower-melting-point brazing filler metal. It provides information on typical clad brazing strip products in a tabular form and lists the advantages of using clad brazing materials. The article compares the steps in using brazing preforms to fabricate a brazed assembly with the steps involved in using clad brazing materials. It concludes with a discussion on design and manufacturing considerations, during brazing with clad brazing materials.

This article provides information about the selection of brazing processes and filler metals and describes the brazing (heating) methods, including manual torch brazing, furnace brazing, induction brazing, dip brazing, resistance brazing and specialized brazing processes such as diffusion and exothermic brazing. The article explains joint design, filler materials, fuel gases, equipment, and fluxes in the brazing methods. The article also describes the brazing of steels, stainless steels, cast irons, heat-resistant alloys, aluminum alloys, copper and copper alloys, and titanium and titanium alloys.

Metals and alloy powders are used in welding, hardfacing, brazing, and soldering applications, which include hardface coatings, the manufacturing of welding stick electrodes and flux-cored wires, and additives in brazing pastes or creams. This article reviews these applications and the specific powder properties and characteristics they require.

Fluxes are added to the welding environment to improve arc stability, provide a slag, add alloying elements, and refine the weld pool. This article discusses the effect of oxygen, which is an important chemical reagent to control the weld metal composition, microstructure, and properties. It provides information on the inclusions that form as a result of reactions between metallic alloy elements and nonmetallic tramp elements, or by mechanical entrapment of nonmetallic slag or refractory particles. The article reviews the considerations of flux formulation during shielded metal arc welding and flux cored arc welding (FCAW). It describes the types of fluxes used for submerged arc welding and FCAW as well as five essential groups of flux ingredients and their interactions.

The various methods of furnace, torch, induction, resistance, dip, and laser brazing are used to produce a wide range of highly reliable brazed assemblies. However, imperfections that can lead to braze failure may result if proper attention is not paid to the physical properties of the material, joint design, prebraze cleaning, brazing procedures, postbraze cleaning, and quality control. Factors that must be considered include brazeability of the base metals; joint design and fit-up; filler-metal selection; prebraze cleaning; brazing temperature, time, atmosphere, or flux; conditions of the faying surfaces; postbraze cleaning; and service conditions. This article focuses on the advantages, limitations, sources of failure, and anomalies resulting from the brazing process. It discusses the processes involved in the testing and inspection required of the braze joint or assembly.

Aluminum, a commonly used base material for brazing, can be easily fabricated by most manufacturing methods, such as machining, forming, and stamping. This article outlines non-heat-treatable wrought alloys typically used as base metals for the brazing process. It highlights chloride-active and fluoride-active types of fluxes that are used for torch, furnace, or dip brazing processes. The article explains the steps to be performed, including the designing of joints, preblaze cleaning, assembling, brazing techniques (dip brazing, furnace and torch brazing, fluxless vacuum brazing), flux removal techniques, and postbraze heat treatment processes. It concludes with information on the safety precautions to be followed during the brazing process.

Arc welding is one of several fusion processes for joining metals. This article introduces the fundamentals of arc welding and provides a summary of its history and early discoveries.

Fluxes are added to the welding environment to improve arc stability, to provide a slag, to add alloying elements, and to refine the weld pool. This article describes the effect of oxygen that directly reacts with alloying elements to alter their effective role by reducing hardenability, promoting porosity, and producing inclusions. It proposes basicity index for welding as a measure of expected weld metal cleanliness and mechanical properties. The article discusses alloy modification in terms of slipping and binding agents, slag formation, and slag detachability. It reviews the types of fluxes for different arc welding processes, such as shielded metal arc welding (SMAW), flux-cored arc welding (FCAW), and submerged arc welding (SAW).

This article describes the technology of thermal spraying with regard to tribological applications. It introduces the basics of tribology and presents the fundamentals of thermal spraying and the relevant process variants and suitable materials. Specific application areas are described regarding the different forms of elementary movement in the corresponding tribological system. The article provides an overview of thermal spray coatings and possible uses for friction and wear control, besides operating as corrosion protection and a thermal barrier. The article provides examples that illustrate how tribological performance can be improved.

This article discusses the susceptibility of carbon steels to hydrogen-induced cracking, solidification cracking, lamellar tearing, weld metal porosity, and heat-affected zone (HAZ) mechanical property variations. The composition and mechanical properties of selected carbon steels used in arc welding applications are listed in a table. The article presents process selection guidelines for arc welding carbon steels. It provides information on the shielded metal arc welding, gas-metal arc welding, and flux-cored arc welding, gas-tungsten arc and plasma arc welding, submerged arc welding, electrogas welding, electroslag welding, and stud arc welding.