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Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 7
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 September 2015
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v07.a0006133
EISBN: 978-1-62708-175-7
... Abstract Refractory metals are typically processed from powders into ingots that are subsequently swaged into round bars or rolled into plates. Secondary operations are required to fabricate more complex refractory metal components. This article discusses two such secondary operations, namely...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 7
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 September 2015
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v07.a0006054
EISBN: 978-1-62708-175-7
... Abstract This article describes the secondary operations for cemented carbide parts, namely, diamond grinding, honing, electrical discharge machining, and brazing after sintering to achieve desired results, such as specified size, shape, edge condition, and surface finish. brazing...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 7
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 September 2015
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v07.a0006119
EISBN: 978-1-62708-175-7
... Abstract Powder metallurgy (PM) stainless steels, as with conventional PM steels, are often used in the as-sintered condition. In addition to cost considerations, minimization of postsinter handling and secondary operations is also preferred because it reduces the potential for contamination...
Book Chapter

By Leander F. Pease, III
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 1
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1990
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v01.a0001044
EISBN: 978-1-62708-161-0
...; type of compacting press; design of compacting tools and dies; type of sintering furnace; composition of the sintering atmosphere; choice of production cycle, including sintering time and temperature; and secondary operations and heat treatment. When the application of a powder metallurgy part requires...
Book Chapter

By B. Lynn Ferguson
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 14A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v14a.a0003988
EISBN: 978-1-62708-185-6
..., alloy development, and inclusion assessment; and process considerations, such as process stages, tool design, and secondary operations; of ferrous alloy powder forging. The mechanical properties of powder forged materials are also reviewed. The article discusses the quality assurance tests for powder...
Book Chapter

By Harry E. Chandler
Book: Machining
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 16
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1989
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v16.a0002193
EISBN: 978-1-62708-188-7
... Abstract Powder metallurgy is a near-net shape process capable of producing complex parts with little or no need for secondary operations such as machining, joining, or assembly. However, the inability to produce certain geometrical figures such as transverse holes, undercuts, and threads...
Book Chapter

By Michael Gwyn
Book: Casting
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 15
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v15.a0009020
EISBN: 978-1-62708-187-0
... amount and pouring temperature. One alloy may allow abrupt section changes and tight geometry, while another alloy requires considerable adjustment of junction geometry, such as radiusing, spacing, dimpling, and feeding. Considerations of Secondary Operations in Design System-wide thinking also...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.a0003113
EISBN: 978-1-62708-199-3
... Abstract This article discusses the production of low-alloy steel parts by powder forging, focusing on the material considerations, such as hardenability and inclusion assessment; and process considerations, including sintering and reheating, metal flow, and secondary operations. It presents...
Image
Published: 01 January 1989
Knurl Cut off Secondary operations Step ream Stamp Knurl Results (a) Single-spindle Six-spindle Setup time, h 4 14 Tool life per grind, pieces 100 208 Production, pieces per hour 12 (b) 35 (a) For both machines, spindle speed was 645 rev/min (64 m More
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 7
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 September 2015
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v07.a0006055
EISBN: 978-1-62708-175-7
... feedstocks and the insulating characteristics of the polymers in MIM feedstocks help minimize thermal shock issues with the tool steel. Metal Injection Molding Secondary Operations It is often necessary to perform secondary operations on a MIM component after sintering to meet customer specifications...
Book Chapter

By Bo Hu
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 12
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2024
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v12.a0007027
EISBN: 978-1-62708-387-4
... secondary operations such as heat treatment, steam treatment, machining, resin impregnation, copper infiltration, and plating to achieve the desired material properties, dimensions, and design features. Fracture failures of a part found in processing and applications are often identified as: Green...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 10
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 December 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v10.a0006683
EISBN: 978-1-62708-213-6
... distribution of the ejected secondary ions is relevant to the design of the SIMS instrument (because it must be energy filtered before mass analysis) and to the mode of operation (because i + can often be resolved, for example, from i 2 + or j 2 + on the basis of energy). Instrumentation...
Book Chapter

By Salvator Nigarura
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 7
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 September 2015
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v07.a0006114
EISBN: 978-1-62708-175-7
..., such as milling, hobbing, and shaping. For precision and high-speed applications, the gear teeth are finished secondary operations such as shaving and grinding. Gear production by these methods has the following disadvantages: Processing times are long, particularly with difficult-to-machine alloys...
Book Chapter

Book: Casting
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 15
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v15.a0005200
EISBN: 978-1-62708-187-0
... Abstract Vacuum induction melting (VIM) is often done as a primary melting operation followed by secondary melting (remelting) operations. This article presents the process description of VIM and illustrates potential processing routes for products, which are cast from VIM ingots or electrodes...
Book Chapter

By K.H. Eckelmeyer
Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.a0003253
EISBN: 978-1-62708-199-3
... Abstract This article describes the operation and capabilities of surface analysis methods of metals, including scanning electron microscopy, electron probe microanalysis, transmission electron microscopy, secondary ion mass spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It provides...
Book Chapter

By D.A. Stephenson
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 20
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1997
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v20.a0002487
EISBN: 978-1-62708-194-8
... Abstract Machining or material removal processes are secondary manufacturing operations that are used to achieve precise tolerances or to impart controlled surface finishes to a part. This article summarizes rules for designing parts to improve machined part quality and reduce machining costs...
Book Chapter

By Mark T. MacLean-Blevins, Eric R. Larson
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 May 2022
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11B.a0006927
EISBN: 978-1-62708-395-9
... forming secondary trimming operations. Creating a clever part design that is easy to thermoform but then cannot be trimmed cleanly and easily is inefficient and will cause quality issues during production, creating needless waste and scrap parts. Material Flow Perspective This consideration...
Book Chapter

By Chester M. Dacres
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13c.a0004135
EISBN: 978-1-62708-184-9
... Abstract Batteries and fuel cells are popular forms of portable electrical energy sources. This article discusses the operation and corrosion problems inherent in batteries and fuel cells. Batteries are classified into two groups: primary or nonrechargeable batteries and secondary...
Book Chapter

By J.L. Dossett
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 September 2014
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04b.a0005943
EISBN: 978-1-62708-166-5
... sales. Secondary Processes Additionally, there were two straightening presses, stop-off painting, a subzero treatment cabinet, glass beading, table blast, and tumble shot cleaners. Sales and usage data were recorded for this equipment. These operations accounted for approximately 4% of total...
Book Chapter

By Deborah A. Kramer
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 2
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1990
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v02.a0001091
EISBN: 978-1-62708-162-7
... Abstract Gallium-base components can be found in a variety of products ranging from compact disk players to advanced military electronic warfare systems, owing to the factor that it can emit light, has a greater resistance to radiation and operates at faster speeds and higher temperatures...