Search Results for seawater

Fig. 1 Galvanic series of selected metals and alloys in seawater showing their corrosion potentials. Adapted from Ref 4 More

Fig. 25 Zones of corrosion for steel in seawater and the relative corrosion rate in each zone. Source: Ref 108 More

Fig. 26 Variation of oxygen, pH, and other seawater parameters with depth in the Atlantic ocean. Source: Ref 63 More

Fig. 27 Fatigue data for carbon steel in seawater as a function of specimen potential. Source: Ref 114 More

Fig. 7 Carbon steel electrodes exposed to aerobic and anaerobic natural seawater for 290 days. (a) Aerobic. (b) Aerobic. Scanning electron micrograph of iron-oxide encrusted bacteria enmeshed in corrosion products. (c) Anaerobic. (d) Anaerobic. Scanning electron micrograph of sulfide-encrusted More

Fig. 3 Example of pitting in type 316 stainless steel in seawater service More

Fig. 15 Corrosion potentials of various metals and alloys in flowing seawater at 10 to 25 °C (50 to 80 °F). Flow rate was 2.5 to 4 m/s (8 to 13 ft/s); alloys are listed in order of the potential versus saturated calomel electrode (SCE) that they exhibited. Those metals and alloys indicated More

Fig. 2 Zones of corrosion for steel piling in seawater, and relative loss of metal thickness in each zone. Source: Ref 2 More

Fig. 10 Average corrosion loss versus average seawater temperature for copper-bearing steels, showing data points and trend lines. Solid points are considered by author of Ref 11 to have a strong correlation to aerated open sea conditions. Open points have a weaker correlation. Source: Ref More

Fig. 23 Effect of dissolved oxygen in seawater on the corrosion rate of three Copper Development Association copper alloys. Source: Ref 9 More

Fig. 30 Effect of adding Cu 2+ ion to seawater on the time to pit initiation for aluminum alloy 5052 and 99.99% Al. Solid points represent conditions under which pitting started; open points indicate conditions under which no pitting occurred. Source: Ref 24 More

Fig. 19 Fretting fatigue failure of steel wire rope after seawater service. Wire diameter was 1.5 mm (0.06 in.). See also Fig. 20 . Courtesy of R.B. Waterhouse, University of Nottingham More

Fig. 3 Galvanic series of metals and alloys in seawater. Alloys are listed in order of the potential they exhibit in flowing seawater; those indicated by the black rectangle were tested in low-velocity or poorly aerated water and at shielded areas may become active and exhibit a potential near More

Fig. 48 Effect of velocity of seawater at atmospheric temperature on the corrosion rate of steel More

Fig. 4 Potential measured on freely exposed specimens in natural seawater at a velocity of 0.5 m/s. SCE, saturated calomel electrode More

Fig. 7 Impedance spectra for coated steel exposed to natural seawater for 1, 4, and 7 months at Port Hueneme, CA. (a) Zinc primer, epoxy polyamide midcoat, urethane topcoat. (b) Zinc primer, epoxy polyamide, midcoat, latex topcoat. (c) Epoxy polyamide primer and midcoat, latex topcoat. (d More

Fig. 1 Galvanic series for seawater. Dark boxes indicate active behavior of active-passive alloys. More

Fig. 1 Galvanic series of metals and alloys in seawater. Alloys are listed in order of the potential they exhibit in flowing seawater; those indicated by the black rectangle were tested in low-velocity or poorly aerated water and at shielded areas may become active and exhibit a potential near More