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scratches
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Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 8
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2000
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v08.a0003282
EISBN: 978-1-62708-176-4
... Abstract This article reviews the origins and development of scratch tests, the experimental configurations used in these tests, and the application of the tests to characterize the mechanical response of materials. It provides information on the measurement of indentation hardness. The article...
Abstract
This article reviews the origins and development of scratch tests, the experimental configurations used in these tests, and the application of the tests to characterize the mechanical response of materials. It provides information on the measurement of indentation hardness. The article describes the important parameters of the scratch test. Finally, it discusses the sliding indentation fracture process of brittle materials.
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Published: 01 December 2004
Fig. 3 Micrographs showing scratches on the surface of a roll. (a) Curved surface. (b) Replica of the curved surface. Note the limited field of view on the curved surface compared with the replica. Courtesy of LECO.
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in Metallography and Microstructures of Low-Carbon and Coated Steels
> Metallography and Microstructures
Published: 01 December 2004
Fig. 26 Sketch showing depth of grinding scratches below the surface of a specimen
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Published: 01 January 2003
Fig. 11 Scratches in a nitrocellulose coating on aluminum induced by light abrasion. Hills and valleys in the foil are induced by a diamond-imprint gravure roll that applies the nitrocellulose as a lacquer. Scanning electron microscopy. 200×
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Published: 30 August 2021
Fig. 21 Photographs of failed journal bearing with (a) scratches and (b, c) distinct cracks
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in Failures of Rolling-Element Bearings and Their Prevention
> Analysis and Prevention of Component and Equipment Failures
Published: 30 August 2021
Fig. 36 Heavy smearing and scratches on axial ribs due to poor lubrication under high axial loads in a roller bearing. (a) Heavy abrasive wear on cylindrical roller board, same working conditions. (b) Seizure of axial rib under the same working conditions. (c) Note that current practice
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Published: 01 January 2000
Fig. 7 The load dependence of fracture and deformation about scratches made by a Vickers indenter in soda-lime glass. These photographs were taken in tests conducted in the Purdue scratch apparatus. (a) Scratch appears plastic until end of traverse. Load, 120 g. (b) Lateral and median cracks
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Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 11 Scratching damage maps for PMMA. Scratching velocity = 0.004 mm/s and nominal strain is defined as 0.2 × tan θ; 2θ being the included angle of the indenter.
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Published: 15 May 2022
Fig. 10 Scratching damage maps for polymethyl methacrylate. Scratching velocity = 0.004 mm/s and nominal strain is defined as 0.2 × tan θ; 2θ being the included angle of the indenter.
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Published: 01 January 2000
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Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 29 Bands of normalized wear rate versus hardness for low-stress scratching, high-stress gouging, and impact wear. Low-stress scratching shows the strongest dependence on hardness, while impact abrasion shows the least. The scatter in the impact abrasion data suggests a growing
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Published: 30 September 2015
Fig. 1 The mechanical action of rubbing, scraping, scratching, gouging, or erosion
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Published: 01 January 1996
Fig. 3 An example of gear tooth scuffing. Note radial scratch lines
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Published: 31 October 2011
Fig. 3 Scratch-brushed and slightly deformed aluminum surface. Y ≈ 0, no bonding
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Published: 31 October 2011
Fig. 10 Weld strength as a function of surface exposure for scratch-brushed aluminum-aluminum. (a) p /σ 0 = 1.85. (b) p /σ 0 = 5.1. Source: Ref 7
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Published: 01 January 2005
Fig. 16 70-30 brass, rolled 60%, etched, scratched parallel to rolling plane normal, and rerolled 10%. Old shear bands do not operate in second rolling and are rotated; new shear bands displace scratch and produce relief. Original magnification 410×. Courtesy of M. Hatherly and A.S. Malin
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in Mechanically Assisted Corrosion of Metallic Biomaterials
> Corrosion: Environments and Industries
Published: 01 January 2006
Fig. 6 Typical current transient that results during an 80 μm scratch test with a diamond stylus (radius of 20 μm, or 0.8 mil) on a Co-Cr-Mo surface in phosphate buffered saline potentiostatically held at a passivating potential (0 mV SCE) and loaded with a 1.5 GPa contact stress. The scratch
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in Mechanically Assisted Corrosion of Metallic Biomaterials
> Corrosion: Environments and Industries
Published: 01 January 2006
Fig. 8 Summary of scratch test for Co-Cr-Mo alloy surface demonstrating how the oxide electrochemically reacts to disruption while under potentiostatic control. (a) Peak current variation with contact load (or contact stress). (b) Peak current as a function of applied potential at a fixed
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Published: 01 August 2013
Fig. 13 Hardness and scratch energy density for different iron-base alloys. W R , abrasive wear density; H+A, hardened + annealed; EBH, electron beam hardened
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Published: 15 January 2021
Fig. 29 Bands of normalized wear rate versus hardness for low-stress scratching, high-stress gouging, and impact wear. Low-stress scratching shows the strongest dependence on hardness, while impact abrasion shows the least. The scatter in the impact abrasion data suggests a growing
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