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rubber-toughened thermoset-matrix composite failures

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Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 9
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2004
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v09.a0009081
EISBN: 978-1-62708-177-1
... of composite failure mechanisms such as thermoplastic-matrix composite failure mechanisms, untoughened thermoset-matrix composite failure mechanisms, toughened thermoset-matrix composite failure mechanisms, dispersed-phase and rubber-toughened thermoset-matrix composite failure mechanisms, and particle...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 9
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2004
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v09.a0009080
EISBN: 978-1-62708-177-1
... matrices are reactive liquid polymers (RLP), such as carboxyl-terminated butadiene-acrylonitrile rubber ( Ref 6 , 7 , 8 ). The average diameter of the dispersed phases in rubber-toughened thermoset-matrix composites commonly ranges from 0.5 to 10 μm. The size and degree of phase separation is a complex...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 9
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2004
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v09.a0009071
EISBN: 978-1-62708-177-1
... , 12 ). The most common rubber materials used for toughening thermoset matrices are based on butadiene-acrylonitrile and are often functionalized for co-reacting with the thermoset matrix ( Ref 13 , 14 ). Thermoplastic materials have also found significant use as modifiers for thermosetting-matrix...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003362
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
... and will vary as part design and materials selection changes. Fracture mechanisms involved in toughening epoxy composites with rubbers have been widely investigated. Publications by Kinloch and Young ( Ref 27 ), Yee and Pearson ( Ref 28 , 29 ), and Bascom and Huntsdon ( Ref 30 ) discuss the subject...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003367
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
... systems to be used for satellite composite structures, but problems soon became apparent with these systems. Matrix microcracking during thermal cycling with unmodified systems reduced structural stiffness and caused instability. Rubber-toughened resin systems did not hold up to radiation exposure, losing...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 1995
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.emde.a0003039
EISBN: 978-1-62708-200-6
... component. Generally, if a resin is chosen for high heat resistance, other properties, such as strain to failure, will be reduced. Fatigue strength, chemical resistance, and moisture resistance are key selection criteria for a matrix system and should be evaluated only in relation to the mechanical...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 12
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2024
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v12.a0006878
EISBN: 978-1-62708-387-4
... matrices are polymers, either thermoset or thermoplastics ( Ref 2 , 3 ). Failure of Polymer-Matrix Composites Upon their introduction to high-performance applications, polymer-matrix composites were touted as a universal panacea ( Ref 1 , 2 ). Unfortunately, these early materials were of poor...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 23
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2012
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v23.a0005676
EISBN: 978-1-62708-198-6
... of polymeric materials and the characteristics that make them a unique class of materials, common medical plastics, regulatory aspects of materials selection failure analysis and prevention, and current and future trends in medical polymers. Composition, Structure, and Properties of Polymers Medical...
Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 1995
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.emde.a0003031
EISBN: 978-1-62708-200-6
... the continuous matrix phase. In order to provide reinforcement, there generally must be a substantial volume fraction (∼10% or more) of the discontinuous phase. There are, however, exceptions that may still be considered composites, such as rubber-modified polymers, where the discontinuous phase is more...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003381
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
... information on the accelerated aging process for understanding the degradation mechanisms and failure modes in composites. It also describes the effect of moisture absorption on mechanical properties of polymer-matrix composites. composite material moisture absorption physical properties chemical...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 8
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2000
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v08.a0003255
EISBN: 978-1-62708-176-4
..., that are too brittle for use in a monolithic form. In composites with brittle matrices (e.g., ceramic matrix composites), the reinforcing constituent may toughen the material more than strengthen it. Structures of Materials Depending upon the application, engineering materials can be pure elements...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003487
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
..., to the surfaces is mixed into the high-pressure water stream. adhesion, mechanical. See mechanical adhe- of solids or liquids with which they are in con- Useful for cutting cured organic-matrix and sion. tact. (2) A concentration of a substance at a metal-matrix composite materials. The main adhesion promoter...
Book

Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.9781627081955
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003356
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
.... Consequently, there is still a plasticizer effect present. However, this effect may be reduced by controlling the reaction conditions to reach higher conversions. Triglyceride-Based Composite Materials Four types of triglycerides typically make up a composite resin system: sizing, matrix, rubber...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 1995
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.emde.a0003047
EISBN: 978-1-62708-200-6
...: Hybrids: Rubber-toughened epoxy, silicone, high-temperature polymers Thermoset polymers: Epoxy, phenolic, polyester, acrylic Rubbery thermosets: Polyether urethanes, polyester urethanes Thermoplastics: Polyamide, polyester Elastomers: Neoprene, nitrile rubber, styrene-butadiene block...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 23
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2012
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v23.a0005672
EISBN: 978-1-62708-198-6
... term in very humid environments. Another drawback is a rigid form when they are cured, which results in low peel strengths. However, toughened epoxy adhesives are available that contain a rubber-based impact modifier dispersed throughout the glassy matrix. The addition of rubber particles makes epoxy...
Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 1995
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.emde.a0003005
EISBN: 978-1-62708-200-6
... materials, including ferrous alloys, nonferrous alloys, ceramics, cermets and cemented carbides, engineering plastics, polymer-matrix composites, metal-matrix composites, ceramic-matrix and carbon-carbon composites, and reviews their general property characteristics and applications. It describes...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 May 2022
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11B.a0006928
EISBN: 978-1-62708-395-9
..., and ASTM D5528 and D6771 cover polymer-matrix composite laminates. The research community is pursuing improvements and some unification as composites become ubiquitous in structural applications outside aerospace. In terms of test setup and specimen design, it appears that many of the recommendations...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 May 2022
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11B.9781627083959
EISBN: 978-1-62708-395-9
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003380
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
... Abstract Delamination is one of the most commonly observed failure modes in composite materials. This article describes the three fundamental fracture failure modes of composite delamination, namely, opening, in-plane shearing, and tearing or scissoring shearing modes. It discusses...