Search Results for rubber linings

Natural and synthetic rubber linings are used extensively in many industries for their corrosion and/or abrasion resistance. These industries include transportation, chemical processing, water treatment, power, mineral processing, and mining. This article provides information on soft natural rubber, semihard natural rubber, hard natural rubber, neoprene or polychloroprene, chlorobutyl, three-ply linings, nitrile, and ethylene propylene with a diene monomer. Emphasis is placed on advantages, disadvantages, and common uses of each material discussed.

This article presents a detailed discussion on the relative performance properties of principal rubber types used in lining applications together with their application, vulcanization and inspection techniques, and material and installation costs.

This article provides a brief discussion on the common types of overlayers that can be used on a metal surface to protect it from corrosion. These overlayers include phosphate, chromate, and chromate-free conversion coatings; hot dip galvanizing; cementitious linings; glass and porcelain enamels; electroplating; thermal spray coatings; and rubber linings.

This article provides an overview of the environmental performance of the most commonly used nonmetallic materials, including elastomers, plastics, thermosetting resins, resin-matrix composites, organic coatings, concrete, refractories, and ceramics. It also discusses the applications and uses of these materials.

This article provides a detailed discussion on the functions, applications, types, and selection criteria of exterior and interior rail coatings. It includes a discussion on the corrosivity, inspection/maintenance, and qualification of applicators/inspectors/facilities.

Hydrochloric acid (HCl) may contain traces of impurities that will change the aggressiveness of the solution. This article discusses the effects of impurities such as fluorides, ferric salts, cupric salts, chlorine, and organic solvents, in HCl. It describes the corrosion resistance of various metals and alloys in HCl, including carbon and alloy steels, austenitic stainless steels, standard ferritic stainless steels, nickel and nickel alloys, copper and copper alloys, corrosion-resistant cast iron, zirconium, titanium and titanium alloys, tantalum and its alloys, and noble metals. The article illustrates the effect of HCl on nonmetallic materials such as natural rubber, neoprene, thermoplastics, and reinforced thermoset plastics. It also tabulates the corrosion of various metals in dry hydrogen chloride.

Phosphoric acid is less corrosive than sulfuric and hydrochloric acids. This article discusses the corrosion rates of metal alloys in phosphoric acid, including aluminum, carbon steel and cast irons, stainless steels, nickel-rich G-type alloys, copper and copper alloys, nickel alloys, lead, titanium alloys, and zirconium alloys. Nonmetallic materials may be chemically attacked in some corrosive environments, which can result in swelling, hardening, or softening phenomena; extraction of ingredients; chemical conversion of the nonmetallic constituents; cross-linking oxidation; and/or substitution reactions. The article also describes the corrosion resistance of nonmetallic materials such as rubber and elastomeric materials, plastics, carbon and graphite, and ceramic materials.

Etching aluminum can be a pretreatment step for anodizing, chemical conversion coating, metal-to-rubber bonding, and a host of other processes. Chemical etching, using either alkaline or acid solutions, produces a matte finish on aluminum products. This article describes the alkaline etching and acid etching of aluminum. Alkaline etching reduces or eliminates surface scratches, nicks, extrusion die lines, and other imperfections. Acid etching can be done without heavy smut problems, particularly on aluminum die castings. Hydrochloric, hydrofluoric, nitric, phosphoric, chromic, and sulfuric acids are used in acid etching. The article presents a flow chart of the operations used in acid etching.

This article examines the concept of fractography as applied to elastomeric rubbery materials. It considers four general categories of physical root failure causes: design defects, material defects, manufacturing defects, and service life anomalies. Examples of real-world failures of rubber articles, with numerous accompanying figures, are representative of the four root failure categories.

Elastomers belong to a group of materials known as polymers that acquire their properties and strength from their molecular weight, chain entanglements, and crystalline regions. This article focuses on the use of elastomers as seals and describes its performance capabilities from the point of a sealant. The important technical concepts that define the performance capabilities of the elastomeric part include polymer architecture (molecular building blocks), compounding (the ingredients within the polymer), and vulcanization of the elastomer shape. The article discusses the aggressiveness of the chemical environment, temperature, and minor constituents in the environment and in the material itself that affect the chemical resistance of the elastomer. It provides a discussion on performance evaluation methods, namely, immersion testing and application specific testing that are determined using ISO and ASTM standards. The article concludes with information on elastomer failure modes and failure analysis.

Elastomeric tooling uses rubber details to generate required molding pressure or to serve as a pressure intensifier during composite part curing cycles. This article discusses the various aspects of the forms of commercially available bag-side elastomeric caul systems. It describes the two basic methods, such as the trapped or fixed-volume rubber method and the variable-volume rubber method, of elastomeric tooling, which use the principles of thermal expansion molding. The significant properties and controlling equations that are required to characterize elastomeric tooling material are also discussed.

This article begins with a discussion on the components and importance of flue gas desulfurization (FGD) technology used in power plant for pollution control. It further discusses the corrosion problems encountered in different operating zones of FGD system and the major forms of corrosive attack encountered in those zones, including crevice corrosion, pitting corrosion, and acid attack. The article concludes with information on the materials selection and design features for minimizing the possibility of corrosion.