Natural and synthetic rubber linings are used extensively in many industries for their corrosion and/or abrasion resistance. These industries include transportation, chemical processing, water treatment, power, mineral processing, and mining. This article provides information on soft natural rubber, semihard natural rubber, hard natural rubber, neoprene or polychloroprene, chlorobutyl, three-ply linings, nitrile, and ethylene propylene with a diene monomer. Emphasis is placed on advantages, disadvantages, and common uses of each material discussed.

This article presents a detailed discussion on the relative performance properties of principal rubber types used in lining applications together with their application, vulcanization and inspection techniques, and material and installation costs.

This article provides a brief discussion on the common types of overlayers that can be used on a metal surface to protect it from corrosion. These overlayers include phosphate, chromate, and chromate-free conversion coatings; hot dip galvanizing; cementitious linings; glass and porcelain enamels; electroplating; thermal spray coatings; and rubber linings.

This article provides an overview of the environmental performance of the most commonly used nonmetallic materials, including elastomers, plastics, thermosetting resins, resin-matrix composites, organic coatings, concrete, refractories, and ceramics. It also discusses the applications and uses of these materials.

This article provides a detailed discussion on the functions, applications, types, and selection criteria of exterior and interior rail coatings. It includes a discussion on the corrosivity, inspection/maintenance, and qualification of applicators/inspectors/facilities.

Hydrochloric acid (HCl) may contain traces of impurities that will change the aggressiveness of the solution. This article discusses the effects of impurities such as fluorides, ferric salts, cupric salts, chlorine, and organic solvents, in HCl. It describes the corrosion resistance of various metals and alloys in HCl, including carbon and alloy steels, austenitic stainless steels, standard ferritic stainless steels, nickel and nickel alloys, copper and copper alloys, corrosion-resistant cast iron, zirconium, titanium and titanium alloys, tantalum and its alloys, and noble metals. The article illustrates the effect of HCl on nonmetallic materials such as natural rubber, neoprene, thermoplastics, and reinforced thermoset plastics. It also tabulates the corrosion of various metals in dry hydrogen chloride.

Phosphoric acid is less corrosive than sulfuric and hydrochloric acids. This article discusses the corrosion rates of metal alloys in phosphoric acid, including aluminum, carbon steel and cast irons, stainless steels, nickel-rich G-type alloys, copper and copper alloys, nickel alloys, lead, titanium alloys, and zirconium alloys. Nonmetallic materials may be chemically attacked in some corrosive environments, which can result in swelling, hardening, or softening phenomena; extraction of ingredients; chemical conversion of the nonmetallic constituents; cross-linking oxidation; and/or substitution reactions. The article also describes the