Thread rolling is a cold-forming process for producing threads or other helical or annular forms by rolling the impression of hardened steel dies into the surface of a cylindrical or conical blank. Methods that use cylindrical dies are classified as radial infeed, tangential feed, through feed, planetary, and internal. This article focuses on the capabilities, limitations, and machines used for these methods. It describes the three characteristics, such as rollability, flaking, and seaming, used in evaluating and selecting metals for thread rolling. The article explores the factors affecting die life and explains the effect of thread form on processing. It provides information on various fluids used in thread rolling to cool the dies and the work and to improve the finish on the rolled products. The article provides a comparison between thread rolling and cutting, as well as between thread rolling and grinding.

This article discusses the three characteristics that are important in evaluating and selecting metals for thread rolling, namely, rollability, flaking, and seaming. It reviews the capabilities and limitations of flat-die rolling, radial-infeed rolling, tangential rolling, through-feed rolling, planetary thread rolling, continuous rolling, and internal thread rolling, as well as the rolling machines and dies used. The article describes the factors affecting die life and provides information on radial die load, seam formation, surface finish, and thread dimensions that are affected by the form of the thread. It explains the reasons for using fluids in thread rolling. The article concludes with a comparison of rolling with cutting and grinding.

The purpose of continuous casting is to bypass conventional ingot casting and to cast to a form that is directly rollable on finishing mills. The use of this process has resulted in improvement in yield, surface condition, and internal quality of product when compared to the ingot-made material. This article outlines the advantages of steel continuous casting, along with its developments and challenges for improvement. It provides a general description of the continuous casting process and the design and layout of a continuous casting steelmaking facility. It reviews process enhancements such as near-net shape casting, tundish metallurgy, and pouring stream protection. The article discusses the use and capabilities of different molds for steel continuous casting, including thin-wall tube-type molds, solid molds, and plate molds. The article explains the methods for enhancing productivity and improving quality in steel continuous casting. It evaluates the applications of horizontal continuous casting in casting steel. The article concludes by outlining priorities for future development such as enhanced control systems and automation.

This article focuses on the physical metallurgy and weldability of four families of titanium-base alloys, namely, near-alpha alloy, alpha-beta alloy, near-beta, or metastable-beta alloy, and titanium based intermetallics that include alpha-2, gamma, and orthorhombic systems.

This article provides a discussion on polyester coating applications such as powder coatings, can coatings, and automotive paints. It includes an overview, structure, properties, and benefits of vinyl ester resins. The article discusses the additives for both unsaturated polyester and vinyl ester coatings, namely, curing systems, thixotropic agents and fillers. It exemplifies polyester and vinyl ester coating, lining and flooring systems that are used for top-to-bottom protection of industrial plants and equipment. The article also highlights the concerns to be addressed when using polyesters and vinyl esters.

Polymeric floor coatings refer to flooring materials composed of multicomponent thermoset resins formulated with various fillers and pigments that are installed in situ, usually over concrete substrates. Polymeric flooring systems, specified for all industrial and commercial environments, use a variety of polymer chemistries and are constructed in a variety of methods and designs. This article provides a description of the service conditions for the polymeric flooring systems. It provides information on polymeric flooring systems, including thin-film coatings, self-leveling systems, membrane systems, broadcast systems, troweled systems, and terrazzo. The article also focuses on properties, applications, testing, and factors and requirements to be considered during the installation of polymeric floor coatings. It concludes with a discussion about coating failures, including bonding, cracking, chemical attack, and moisture that affect the polymeric floor coatings on concrete.

This article introduces the different types, distinctions, and grades of commercially pure titanium and titanium alloys. It describes three types of alloying elements: alpha stabilizers, beta stabilizers, and neutral additions. The article discusses the basic categories of titanium alloys, namely, alpha and near-alpha titanium alloys, beta and near-beta titanium alloys, and alpha-beta titanium alloys. It also describes the general microstructural features of titanium alloys.