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resin transfer molding
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Book: Composites
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003413
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
...Abstract Abstract Resin transfer molding and structural reaction injection molding belong to a family, sometimes denoted as liquid composite molding. This article provides information on the characteristics and automotive and aerospace applications of liquid composite molding. It reviews...
Abstract
Resin transfer molding and structural reaction injection molding belong to a family, sometimes denoted as liquid composite molding. This article provides information on the characteristics and automotive and aerospace applications of liquid composite molding. It reviews techniques that use hard tooling and positive (superatmospheric) pressures to produce structures. The techniques include vacuum-assisted resin injection, vacuum infusion, resin-film infusion, and injection-compression molding. The article provides an overview of the materials that are commonly used together with some of processing characteristics that are important to processing speed and part quality. It concludes with a discussion on design guidelines for the liquid composite molding.
Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 1995
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.emde.a0003020
EISBN: 978-1-62708-200-6
...Abstract Abstract Resin transfer molding (RTM) and structural reaction injection molding (SRIM) are two similar processes that are well suited to the manufacture of large, complex, and high-performance structures. This article discusses the similarities and differences of RTM and SRIM processes...
Abstract
Resin transfer molding (RTM) and structural reaction injection molding (SRIM) are two similar processes that are well suited to the manufacture of large, complex, and high-performance structures. This article discusses the similarities and differences of RTM and SRIM processes and the unique design considerations with respect to the physical properties, geometry, surface quality, process economics, equipment, and tooling of a component that should be considered in choosing RTM or SRIM over other competing processes for fabricating reinforced components.
Image
Published: 01 January 1997
Book: Composites
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003398
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
... care. It explains the resin selection in designing the composite for use in a particular application. The article illustrates the various methods that are used to process a composite component, namely, wet lay-up, autoclave, resin transfer molding, and vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding...
Abstract
This article presents the basic guidelines considered in designing a composite structure, and the basic definitions of terms that apply to composites. It describes the analysis of a composite laminate based on stress-strain relationships, stress-strain load relationships, general load displacement case, and general load case solution. Factors affecting the composite materials properties and allowables of fiber-reinforced polymers are reviewed. The article discusses the process considerations for mold design, such as master model, metal tooling, composite tooling, and tool care. It explains the resin selection in designing the composite for use in a particular application. The article illustrates the various methods that are used to process a composite component, namely, wet lay-up, autoclave, resin transfer molding, and vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding. It provides a discussion on electromagnetic interference shielding, electrostatic discharge protection, metal plating, fire resistance, and corrosion resistance on composite materials.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 9
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2004
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v09.a0009071
EISBN: 978-1-62708-177-1
..., resin transfer molding, vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding, and resin film infusion. It explains the composite- and matrix-toughening methods for fiber-reinforced composites, such as dispersed-phase toughening and interlayer toughening. The article concludes with information on optical microscopy...
Abstract
This article illustrates the polymer matrices used for composite materials. It describes the use of prepeg materials in manufacturing high-performance composites. The article discusses the various infusion processes for the development of fiber-reinforced composites, namely, resin transfer molding, vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding, and resin film infusion. It explains the composite- and matrix-toughening methods for fiber-reinforced composites, such as dispersed-phase toughening and interlayer toughening. The article concludes with information on optical microscopy, which provides an insight into the micro- and macrostructure of fiber-reinforced composites.
Book: Composites
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003414
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
...Abstract Abstract Vacuum infusion is a resin injection technique derived from resin transfer molding. This article discusses the characteristics of the technique and its applications. It presents the theory and background of the technique and provides an illustration of how parts are made...
Abstract
Vacuum infusion is a resin injection technique derived from resin transfer molding. This article discusses the characteristics of the technique and its applications. It presents the theory and background of the technique and provides an illustration of how parts are made. The article provides information on the equipment and material used for vacuum infusion. It describes the mechanical properties of components and summarizes the influence of production on the properties. The article concludes with a discussion on design guidelines.
Book: Composites
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003394
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
... interface, the resin transfer molding interface, the fiber placement and tape-laying interface, and the laser projection interface. continuous fiber composite material fabric deformation core sample flat-pattern evaluation laminate surface offset structural analysis interface resin transfer...
Abstract
Continuous fiber composite materials offer dramatic opportunities for producing lightweight laminates with tremendous performance capabilities. This article describes the kinematics of fabric deformation and explains the algorithms used in draping simulation. It discusses the basic components, such as laminate and ply, of continuous fiber composite. The article provides information on the core sample and ply analysis. It details producibility, flat-pattern evaluations, and laminate surface offset. The article discusses various interfaces, such as the structural analysis interface, the resin transfer molding interface, the fiber placement and tape-laying interface, and the laser projection interface.
Book Chapter
Book: Composites
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003364
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
... describes the mechanical properties of BMI composites. BMIs suitable for resin transfer molding processing are provided. The article concludes with information on the elevated-temperature applications of 5250-4 BMI system. bismaleimide resin composites mechanical properties resin transfer molding...
Abstract
This article discusses bismaleimide (BMI) chemistry and the use of BMI in composites. An analysis of the applications illustrates how the advantages of BMIs have been exploited and perhaps suggests how these advantages might be extended to other applications. The article describes the mechanical properties of BMI composites. BMIs suitable for resin transfer molding processing are provided. The article concludes with information on the elevated-temperature applications of 5250-4 BMI system.
Image
Published: 01 January 2001
Fig. 1 Production volume and relative part performance that can be achieved with various production techniques. SMC, sheet molding compounds; GMT, glass mat thermoplastics; RTM, resin transfer molding; SRIM, structural reaction injection molding; P/T, pressure/temperature
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Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 20
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1997
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v20.a0002491
EISBN: 978-1-62708-194-8
... … Resin transfer molding 0.1 0.015 10 1120 … … n y n y n y n n y y High-speed resin transfer molding or fast resinject 2 0.3 30 3370 … … n y n y n y n n y y Foam polyurethane 0.5 0.07 n/a … … … n y y y y y n n y y Reinforced foam 1 0.15 30 3370...
Abstract
This article describes key processing methods and related design, manufacturing, and application considerations for plastic parts. The methods include injection molding, extrusion, thermoforming, blow molding, rotational molding, compression molding/transfer molding, composites processing, and casting. The article describes principal features incorporated into the design of plastic parts. It concludes with a discussion on the materials selection methodology for plastics.
Book: Composites
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003402
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
... ). The fundamentals in building process models for polymer-composite manufacturing methods, such as injection molding, pultrusion, and resin transfer molding are outlined in this section. Composites processing models are built on the foundation of physical laws, appropriate assumptions, and boundary conditions...
Abstract
This article provides information on the classification of various composites manufacturing processes based on similar transport processes. The composites manufacturing processes can be grouped into three categories: short-fiber suspension methods, squeeze flow methods, and porous media methods. The article presents an overview of the modeling philosophy and approach that is useful in describing composite manufacturing processes.
Book: Composites
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003392
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
... methods: Wet lay-up, prepreg lay-up, fiber placement, tape lay-up, pultrusion, resin transfer molding (RTM), vacuum- assisted resin transfer molding, filament winding, compression molding, injection molding, centrifugal casting Processing equipment: Vacuum bagging, molds, ovens, autoclaves, presses...
Abstract
This article describes common design criteria and identifies the design considerations that have a significant effect on the end product. The design criteria include cost, size, mechanical properties, repeatability and precision of parts, damage tolerance and durability, and environmental constraints.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 20
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1997
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v20.a0002465
EISBN: 978-1-62708-194-8
... Chopped, continuous short-fiber reinforcement for molding compounds, injection or resin-transfer molding, and bulk- or sheet-molding compound as a charge for compression molding Coupling agents are added to assist the binding of organic and inorganic fibers to the resin matrix. Types of materials...
Abstract
This article describes the interaction of composition, manufacturing process, and composite properties of composites. The manufacturing process includes resin-matrix, metal-matrix, and carbon/carbon matrix processing. The article discusses various mechanical properties of composites. It explores how variations in the composition, manufacturing, shop process instructions, and loading/environmental conditions can affect the use of a composite product in a performance/service life operation.
Book: Composites
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003395
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
...-up of dry fiber preforms for resin transfer molding often utilizes a “tackifier” compound in the form of a liquid or powder to add tack to otherwise tack-free materials. The ability of the material (fabric, with or without resin) to conform to the shape of the mold is called drape . The greater...
Abstract
Designing composites for structural performance initially involves meeting a set of desired performance specifications at a minimum cost. This article discusses the factors that are considered in designing the manufacturing of polymeric composites. It describes the various aspects of manufacturing, forming process, and post-processing and fabrication for designing the composites.
Book: Composites
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003404
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
... ) for aircraft part production and resin transfer molding (RTM) molds having a nickel area greater than 14 m 2 (150 ft 2 ) per mold half for making truck components. With nickel tanks as large as 11.3 by 4.3 by 4.3 m (37 by 14 by 14 ft) available in the United States, the electroforming capacity available...
Abstract
This article describes the factors to be considered while performing electroforming process. The factors include the shape and size of the mold, expected durability of the mold, required delivery time, and manufacture and cost of the necessary mandrel. The article discusses mandrel fabrication by either the use of fiberglass/resins or by the machining of the mandrel directly from computer-aided design data. It provides a comparison of nickel and other tooling materials in terms of coefficients of thermal expansion, thermal cycles for compression molding, and thermal cycles for metal autoclave molds.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 20
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1997
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v20.a0002492
EISBN: 978-1-62708-194-8
... and plaster. Preform molding gives more consistent and more attractive products than those produced by lay-up or spray-up processes. Resin Transfer Molding (RTM) Resin transfer molding (RTM) is a matched-mold process that uses low-cost molds. The reinforcement is laid up dry in the mold, and liquid...
Abstract
The goal of design is to improve the overall performance of the metal or ceramic matrix rather than to create a material with different response than the base matrix. This article focuses on the design for manufacturing polymeric composites. Specially developed methods including contact molding, compression-type molding, resin-injection molding, and pultrusion are described. The article also discusses the various factors to be considered in designing for composite manufacturing.
Book: Composites
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003431
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
...-generation composite processing affordability, out-of-autoclave curing has become a common goal. Processes such as vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding, resin transfer molding, electron beam curing, room- temperature curing, oven curing, and resin-fiber infusion are being adopted to meet the new...
Abstract
This article presents the importance of progressing from post-manufacturing inspection/verification to in-process inspection/verification methods. It lists the various quality assurance factors considered for typical composite laminate lay-up process. The article provides information on composite cure tooling that is fabricated from steel, aluminum, or high-temperature composite materials. The quality assurance for commercial applications is reviewed. The article concludes with a discussion on data fusion systems designed to provide nondestructive analysis data from fabrication and assembly processes for each individual composite part.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 1995
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.emde.a0003010
EISBN: 978-1-62708-200-6
... as components of high-viscosity semisolid formulations and low-viscosity impregnants for resin transfer molding or reaction injection molding processing. Formulations containing more than about 35% dicyanate monomer (including the monomer fraction of prepolymers) can crystallize when cooled below the monomer...
Abstract
A thermosetting resin, or thermoset, is a synthetic organic polymer that cures to a solid, infusible mass by forming a three-dimensional network of covalent chemical bonds. Significant applications include construction and thermoset engineering plastics. This article discusses the general and family characteristics of thermosetting resin families, including allyls, aminos (urea formaldehyde and melamine formaldehyde), cyanates, epoxies, polybenzimidazoles, unsaturated polyesters, thermoset polyimides, phenolics, and vinyl esters. It also explains processing methods, including curing and curing agents. The article provides descriptions of commercial product forms and the wide array of applications of thermosetting resins. It also tabulates the performance properties (mechanical, thermal, electrical and chemical resistance) of some families of unfilled or unreinforced thermosetting resins and reinforced or filled grades.
Book Chapter
Book: Composites
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003412
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
... internally. Good dimensional tolerances can be achieved. Resin Transfer Molding Resin transfer molding may be used with room-temperature cure resins or may be cured at elevated temperatures. Pultrusion Pultrusion uses a heated die to create shapes with constant cross sections. The geometry...
Abstract
Curing is the irreversible change in the physical properties of a thermosetting resin brought about by a chemical reaction, condensation, ring closure, or addition. This article discusses the material types and functions of various components considered in the preparation for curing. It presents a discussion on the major elements of an autoclave system, namely, pressure vessel, gas stream heating and circulation sources, gas stream pressurizing systems, loading systems, and vacuum systems. The article describes a computerized approach to the simultaneous control of materials reaction behavior and consolidation dynamics, using an autoclave as the reaction vessel.
Book Chapter
Book: Composites
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003370
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
... through a dip tank of resin varnish, evaporate the solvent, and chop to length. Prepreg fabric can also be diced or chopped, with fabric used as the reinforcement. The resultant fabric is in a macerated form. Molding Methods Bulk molding compounds are processed by compression, transfer...
Abstract
Molding compounds are plastic materials in varying stages of pellets or granulation that consist of resin, filler, pigments, reinforcement, plasticizers, and other ingredients ready for use in a molding operation. This article describes the material components and physical properties of sheet molding compounds (SMC). The three types of resin paste mixing techniques, such as batch, batch/continuous, and continuous, for an SMC operation are reviewed. The article discusses the design features and functional operations of the two types of SMC machines, namely, continuous-belt and beltless machines. It explains the formulation and processing of bulk molding compounds and reviews molding methods for bulk molding compounds, including compression, transfer, and injection molding. The effects of the fiber type and length and the matrix type on thermoset bulk molding compounds are discussed. It describes the four injection molding processes of injection molding compounds such as feeding, transporting, injecting, and flowing.