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Book Chapter

By Thomas S. Piwonka
Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.a0003173
EISBN: 978-1-62708-199-3
..., furnace types, charging practices of metal melting methods, namely induction melting, cupola melting, arc melting, crucible melting, reaction melting, and vacuum melting, and the refractories and charging practice of reverberatory furnaces. Molten metal treatment of steels and aluminum also is discussed...
Image
Published: 09 June 2014
Fig. 22 Desulfurization and cleaning steel melts by slag reaction with simultaneous argon flushing in a medium frequency (induction furnace. Source: Ref 27 More
Image
Published: 09 June 2014
Fig. 38 Points of crusting and burn-off reactions when processing iron melts treated with magnesium in the pouring furnace More
Image
Published: 31 August 2017
Fig. 34 Points of crusting and burn-off reactions when processing iron melts treated with magnesium in the pouring furnace More
Book Chapter

By Gary L. Erickson
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 1
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1990
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v01.a0001050
EISBN: 978-1-62708-161-0
... is affected by the condition of the grain boundaries and, in particular, the grain-boundary carbide morphology and distribution. Vacuum induction melting offers more control over alloy composition and homogeneity than all other vacuum melting processes. The primary purification reaction occurring...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 3
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 27 April 2016
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v03.a0006226
EISBN: 978-1-62708-163-4
.... (a) Peritectic reaction α + liquid → β and peritectoid reaction α + β → γ. (b) Peritectic formation of intermetallic phases from a high-melting intermetallic. (c) Peritectic cascade between high- and low-melting components. Adapted from Ref 1 Figure 3 shows a phase diagram with a peritectic reaction...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 9
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2004
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v09.a0003734
EISBN: 978-1-62708-177-1
... and details the formation of peritectic structures that can occur by at least three mechanisms: peritectic reaction, peritectic transformation, and direct precipitation of beta from the melt. carbon content cementite eutectoid transformation invariant transformation structure iron-carbon system...
Book Chapter

By Donald W. Bucholz
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06.a0001391
EISBN: 978-1-62708-173-3
... Abstract Exothermic brazing is a process that utilizes the heat produced in a solid-state chemical reaction to melt a conventional filler metal or to produce molten filler metal as a product of the reaction. This article provides the pros and cons of exothermic brazing, describes procedure...
Book Chapter

By Kurt Rohrbach, Michael Schmidt
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 1
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1990
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v01.a0001043
EISBN: 978-1-62708-161-0
... Abstract Maraging steels comprise a special class of high-strength steels that differ from conventional steels in that they are hardened by a metallurgical reaction that does not involve carbon. Instead, these steels are strengthened by the precipitation of intermetallic compounds...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 1995
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.emde.a0003063
EISBN: 978-1-62708-200-6
..., discontinuously reinforced composites and continuous-fiber-reinforced composites. Processing methods include cold pressing, sintering, hot pressing, reaction bonding, melt infiltration, directed metal oxidation, sol-gel and polymer pyrolysis, self-propagating high-temperature synthesis and joining. A table...
Book Chapter

Book: Casting
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 15
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v15.a0005201
EISBN: 978-1-62708-187-0
... from the electrode to the molten pool. During the formation of the liquid film, the metal is refined and cleaned of contaminants, such as oxide particles. The high degree of superheat of the slag and of the metal favors the metal/slag reaction. Melting in the form of metal droplets greatly increases...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 09 June 2014
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04c.a0005903
EISBN: 978-1-62708-167-2
... to obtain the specified properties of the castings is influenced primarily by oxygen content, which in turn is primarily controlled by the carbon and silicon dissolved in the melt in accordance with the reactions: (Eq 1) 2 [ C ] + 2 [ O ] = 2 { CO } (Eq 2) [ Si ] + 2...
Image
Published: 01 December 2008
Fig. 1 Typical peritectic phase diagrams. (a) Peritectic reaction α + liquid → β and peritectoid reaction α + β → γ. (b) Peritectic formation of intermetallic phases from a high-melting intermetallic. (c) Peritectic cascade between high- and low-melting components. Source: Ref 1 More
Image
Published: 01 December 2004
Fig. 19 Typical peritectic phase diagrams. (a) Peritectic reaction α + liquid → β and peritectoid reaction α + β → γ. (b) Peritectic formation of intermetallic phases from a high-melting intermetallic. (c) Peritectic cascade between high- and low-melting components. Source: Ref 2 More
Book: Casting
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 15
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v15.a0005285
EISBN: 978-1-62708-187-0
... these reactions will exceed 1650 °C (3000 °F) and can result in melting of furnace refractories and the total loss of the furnace. The industry preference for wet-bath charging of light-gage scraps can be the source of an additional incremental increase in melting losses if the drosses formed on the surface...
Image
Published: 27 April 2016
Fig. 2 Typical peritectic phase diagrams. (a) Peritectic reaction α + liquid → β and peritectoid reaction α + β → γ. (b) Peritectic formation of intermetallic phases from a high-melting intermetallic. (c) Peritectic cascade between high- and low-melting components. Adapted from Ref 1 More
Book Chapter

By David V. Neff
Book: Casting
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 15
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v15.a0005353
EISBN: 978-1-62708-187-0
..., it is not extensively used in foundry casting because of the higher cost. Active Halogens Historically, a small percentage of chlorine (5 to 10%) was used with an inert gas when degassing with a static lance. The chlorine enhanced the reaction between the melt and the hydrogen atoms because it lowered...
Book Chapter

Book: Casting
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 15
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v15.a0005200
EISBN: 978-1-62708-187-0
... and of the chemical reactions in the melt can be continuously obtained. The melting process can thus be controlled more exactly. Process parameters that can be closely controlled include: Determination of the correct time for the addition of chemically active elements and the sequence of addition...
Book Chapter

By Paul K. Trojan
Book: Casting
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 15
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v15.a0005193
EISBN: 978-1-62708-187-0
.... By way of example, assume pure molten iron contains dissolved oxygen at 1600 °C (2910 °F). A small amount of aluminum is added to the melt, and the chemical reaction is: 2 Al _ + 3 O _ → Al 2 O 3 ( s ) where the underlined indicates the elements to be dilute...
Book Chapter

By Robert A. Rapp
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2003
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13a.a0003593
EISBN: 978-1-62708-182-5
... in thermodynamic driving force or in reaction kinetics or both. Certain high-temperature systems involve the contact of materials with a large quantity, or significant depth, of a salt solution above its liquidus temperature. Such systems include the molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC), molten chloride baths to melt...