Skip Nav Destination
Close Modal
By
Erwin Dötsch
By
Daniel E. Groteke, David V. Neff
Search Results for
reaction melting
Update search
Filter
- Title
- Authors
- Author Affiliations
- Full Text
- Abstract
- Keywords
- DOI
- ISBN
- EISBN
- Issue
- ISSN
- EISSN
- Volume
- References
Filter
- Title
- Authors
- Author Affiliations
- Full Text
- Abstract
- Keywords
- DOI
- ISBN
- EISBN
- Issue
- ISSN
- EISSN
- Volume
- References
Filter
- Title
- Authors
- Author Affiliations
- Full Text
- Abstract
- Keywords
- DOI
- ISBN
- EISBN
- Issue
- ISSN
- EISSN
- Volume
- References
Filter
- Title
- Authors
- Author Affiliations
- Full Text
- Abstract
- Keywords
- DOI
- ISBN
- EISBN
- Issue
- ISSN
- EISSN
- Volume
- References
Filter
- Title
- Authors
- Author Affiliations
- Full Text
- Abstract
- Keywords
- DOI
- ISBN
- EISBN
- Issue
- ISSN
- EISSN
- Volume
- References
Filter
- Title
- Authors
- Author Affiliations
- Full Text
- Abstract
- Keywords
- DOI
- ISBN
- EISBN
- Issue
- ISSN
- EISSN
- Volume
- References
NARROW
Format
Topics
Book Series
Date
Availability
1-20 of 1203
Search Results for reaction melting
Follow your search
Access your saved searches in your account
Would you like to receive an alert when new items match your search?
1
Sort by
Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.a0003173
EISBN: 978-1-62708-199-3
..., furnace types, charging practices of metal melting methods, namely induction melting, cupola melting, arc melting, crucible melting, reaction melting, and vacuum melting, and the refractories and charging practice of reverberatory furnaces. Molten metal treatment of steels and aluminum also is discussed...
Abstract
The melting process often includes refining and treating the metal. The choice of which type of melting to use depends on a number of factors: type of alloy being melted, the local cost of electric power, and local environmental regulations. This article discusses the principles, furnace types, charging practices of metal melting methods, namely induction melting, cupola melting, arc melting, crucible melting, reaction melting, and vacuum melting, and the refractories and charging practice of reverberatory furnaces. Molten metal treatment of steels and aluminum also is discussed in the article.
Image
Desulfurization and cleaning steel melts by slag reaction with simultaneous...
Available to Purchase
in Metallurgy of Induction Melting Processes for Iron and Non-Iron Materials
> Induction Heating and Heat Treatment
Published: 09 June 2014
Fig. 22 Desulfurization and cleaning steel melts by slag reaction with simultaneous argon flushing in a medium frequency (induction furnace. Source: Ref 27
More
Image
Points of crusting and burn-off reactions when processing iron melts treate...
Available to PurchasePublished: 09 June 2014
Fig. 38 Points of crusting and burn-off reactions when processing iron melts treated with magnesium in the pouring furnace
More
Image
Points of crusting and burn-off reactions when processing iron melts treate...
Available to PurchasePublished: 31 August 2017
Fig. 34 Points of crusting and burn-off reactions when processing iron melts treated with magnesium in the pouring furnace
More
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 1
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1990
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v01.a0001050
EISBN: 978-1-62708-161-0
... is affected by the condition of the grain boundaries and, in particular, the grain-boundary carbide morphology and distribution. Vacuum induction melting offers more control over alloy composition and homogeneity than all other vacuum melting processes. The primary purification reaction occurring...
Abstract
The initial cast superalloy developments in the United States centered on cobalt-base materials. Nickel-base and nickel-iron-base superalloys owe their high-temperature strength potential to their gamma prime content. For polycrystalline superalloy components, high-temperature strength is affected by the condition of the grain boundaries and, in particular, the grain-boundary carbide morphology and distribution. Vacuum induction melting offers more control over alloy composition and homogeneity than all other vacuum melting processes. The primary purification reaction occurring in the process is the removal of melt contained oxygen by means of a reaction with carbon to form carbon monoxide. A number of casting processes can provide near-net shape superalloy cast parts, but essentially all components are produced by investment casting. The solidification of investment cast superalloy components is precisely controlled so that the microstructure, which ultimately determines mechanical properties, remains consistent. Heat treating cast superalloys involves homogenization and solution heat treatments or aging heat treatments.
Book Chapter
Peritectic Alloy Systems
Available to PurchaseBook: Alloy Phase Diagrams
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 3
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 27 April 2016
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v03.a0006226
EISBN: 978-1-62708-163-4
.... (a) Peritectic reaction α + liquid → β and peritectoid reaction α + β → γ. (b) Peritectic formation of intermetallic phases from a high-melting intermetallic. (c) Peritectic cascade between high- and low-melting components. Adapted from Ref 1 Figure 3 shows a phase diagram with a peritectic reaction...
Abstract
Similar to the eutectic group of invariant transformations is a group of peritectic reactions, in which a liquid and solid phase decomposes into a solid phase on cooling through the peritectic isotherm. This article describes the equilibrium freezing and nonequilibrium freezing of peritectic alloys. It informs that peritectic reactions or transformations are very common in the solidification of metals. The article discusses the formation of peritectic structures that can occur by three mechanisms: peritectic reaction, peritectic transformation, and direct precipitation of beta from the melt. It provides a discussion on the peritectic structures in iron-base alloys and concludes with information on multicomponent systems.
Book Chapter
Invariant Transformation Structures
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 9
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2004
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v09.a0003734
EISBN: 978-1-62708-177-1
... and details the formation of peritectic structures that can occur by at least three mechanisms: peritectic reaction, peritectic transformation, and direct precipitation of beta from the melt. carbon content cementite eutectoid transformation invariant transformation structure iron-carbon system...
Abstract
Solid-state transformations from invariant reactions are of three types: eutectoid, peritectoid, and monotectoid transformations. This article focuses on structures from eutectoid transformations with an emphasis on the classic iron-carbon system of steel. It illustrates the morphology of a pearlite nodule and the effect of various substitutional alloy elements on the eutectoid transformation temperature and effective carbon content, respectively. Peritectic and peritectoid phase equilibria are very common in several binary systems. The article reviews structures from peritectoid reactions and details the formation of peritectic structures that can occur by at least three mechanisms: peritectic reaction, peritectic transformation, and direct precipitation of beta from the melt.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06.a0001391
EISBN: 978-1-62708-173-3
... Abstract Exothermic brazing is a process that utilizes the heat produced in a solid-state chemical reaction to melt a conventional filler metal or to produce molten filler metal as a product of the reaction. This article provides the pros and cons of exothermic brazing, describes procedure...
Abstract
Exothermic brazing is a process that utilizes the heat produced in a solid-state chemical reaction to melt a conventional filler metal or to produce molten filler metal as a product of the reaction. This article provides the pros and cons of exothermic brazing, describes procedure of the process, and illustrates a typical arrangement for the exothermic brazing of tube. It provides information on the exothermic compounds used for brazing refractory metals and aluminum alloys.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 1
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1990
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v01.a0001043
EISBN: 978-1-62708-161-0
... Abstract Maraging steels comprise a special class of high-strength steels that differ from conventional steels in that they are hardened by a metallurgical reaction that does not involve carbon. Instead, these steels are strengthened by the precipitation of intermetallic compounds...
Abstract
Maraging steels comprise a special class of high-strength steels that differ from conventional steels in that they are hardened by a metallurgical reaction that does not involve carbon. Instead, these steels are strengthened by the precipitation of intermetallic compounds at temperatures of about 480 deg C. Commercial maraging steels are designed to provide specific levels of yield strength in the range of 1030 to 2420 MPa. However, some experimental maraging steels have yield strengths as high as 3450 MPa. These steels typically have very high nickel, cobalt, and molybdenum contents and very low carbon contents. This article outlines the processing of maraging steels: melting, hot working, cold working, machining, heat treating, surface treatment, and welding. It also covers mechanical and physical properties as well as tooling and aerospace applications, where maraging steels are extensively used.
Book Chapter
Ceramic-Matrix Composites
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 1995
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.emde.a0003063
EISBN: 978-1-62708-200-6
..., discontinuously reinforced composites and continuous-fiber-reinforced composites. Processing methods include cold pressing, sintering, hot pressing, reaction bonding, melt infiltration, directed metal oxidation, sol-gel and polymer pyrolysis, self-propagating high-temperature synthesis and joining. A table...
Abstract
Ceramic-matrix composites (CMCs) are being developed for a number of high-temperature and high-performance applications in industrial, aerospace, and energy conservation sectors. This article focuses on processing, fabrication, testing, and characterization methods of CMCs, namely, discontinuously reinforced composites and continuous-fiber-reinforced composites. Processing methods include cold pressing, sintering, hot pressing, reaction bonding, melt infiltration, directed metal oxidation, sol-gel and polymer pyrolysis, self-propagating high-temperature synthesis and joining. A table summarizes the properties of various ceramic reinforcements and industrial applications of these composites.
Book Chapter
Electroslag Remelting
Available to PurchaseBook: Casting
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 15
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v15.a0005201
EISBN: 978-1-62708-187-0
... from the electrode to the molten pool. During the formation of the liquid film, the metal is refined and cleaned of contaminants, such as oxide particles. The high degree of superheat of the slag and of the metal favors the metal/slag reaction. Melting in the form of metal droplets greatly increases...
Abstract
Electroslag remelting (ESR) is commonly used to produce the highest levels of quality in plate steels, particularly in thick plates. This article provides an overview of the ESR and discusses the major components and operations of the ESR furnaces. It describes the principles of ingot solidification and the various defects of remelted ingot such as tree ring patterns, freckles, and white spots. The article explains several variations of ESR such as pressure electroslag remelting, remelting under reduced pressure, and electroslag rapid remelting. It also examines the features of steel ESR and superalloy ESR.
Book Chapter
Metallurgy of Induction Melting Processes for Iron and Non-Iron Materials
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 09 June 2014
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04c.a0005903
EISBN: 978-1-62708-167-2
... to obtain the specified properties of the castings is influenced primarily by oxygen content, which in turn is primarily controlled by the carbon and silicon dissolved in the melt in accordance with the reactions: (Eq 1) 2 [ C ] + 2 [ O ] = 2 { CO } (Eq 2) [ Si ] + 2...
Abstract
Interplays of metallurgical factors, such as dissolved oxygen, carbon, and silicon content, that control the molten metal from melting to pouring, have a decisive influence on the quality of the castings. This article focuses on the magnesium treatment and desulfurization carried out during inoculation and nucleation of molten cast iron, assisting in the formation of cast iron. The different types of cast irons are gray cast iron, nodular cast iron, compacted graphite iron, malleable cast iron, and alloyed cast iron. The article provides an overview of the melt treatment processes carried out in cast steel, wrought and cast aluminum, and copper materials.
Image
Typical peritectic phase diagrams. (a) Peritectic reaction α + liquid → β a...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 December 2008
Fig. 1 Typical peritectic phase diagrams. (a) Peritectic reaction α + liquid → β and peritectoid reaction α + β → γ. (b) Peritectic formation of intermetallic phases from a high-melting intermetallic. (c) Peritectic cascade between high- and low-melting components. Source: Ref 1
More
Image
Typical peritectic phase diagrams. (a) Peritectic reaction α + liquid → β a...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 December 2004
Fig. 19 Typical peritectic phase diagrams. (a) Peritectic reaction α + liquid → β and peritectoid reaction α + β → γ. (b) Peritectic formation of intermetallic phases from a high-melting intermetallic. (c) Peritectic cascade between high- and low-melting components. Source: Ref 2
More
Book Chapter
Dross, Melt Loss, and Fluxing of Light Alloy Melts
Available to PurchaseBook: Casting
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 15
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v15.a0005285
EISBN: 978-1-62708-187-0
... these reactions will exceed 1650 °C (3000 °F) and can result in melting of furnace refractories and the total loss of the furnace. The industry preference for wet-bath charging of light-gage scraps can be the source of an additional incremental increase in melting losses if the drosses formed on the surface...
Abstract
Dross, which is the oxide-rich surface that forms on melts due to exposure to air, is a term that is usually applied to nonferrous melts, specifically the lighter alloys such as aluminum or magnesium. This article describes dross formation and ways to reduce it, the economic implications of dross, and in-plant enhancement or recovery of dross. It discusses the influence of the melter type on dross generation and the influence of charge materials and operating practices on melt loss. Fluxing is a word applied in a broad sense to a number of melt-treating methods. The article also discusses the in-furnace treatment with chemical fluxes.
Image
Typical peritectic phase diagrams. (a) Peritectic reaction α + liquid → β a...
Available to PurchasePublished: 27 April 2016
Fig. 2 Typical peritectic phase diagrams. (a) Peritectic reaction α + liquid → β and peritectoid reaction α + β → γ. (b) Peritectic formation of intermetallic phases from a high-melting intermetallic. (c) Peritectic cascade between high- and low-melting components. Adapted from Ref 1
More
Book: Casting
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 15
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v15.a0005353
EISBN: 978-1-62708-187-0
..., it is not extensively used in foundry casting because of the higher cost. Active Halogens Historically, a small percentage of chlorine (5 to 10%) was used with an inert gas when degassing with a static lance. The chlorine enhanced the reaction between the melt and the hydrogen atoms because it lowered...
Abstract
Gas porosity is a major factor in the quality and reliability of castings. The major cause of gas porosity in castings is the evolution of dissolved gases from melting and dross or slag containing gas porosity. Degassing is the process of removing these gases. This article describes the methods of degassing aluminum, magnesium, and copper alloys. It provides information on the sources of hydrogen in aluminum and gases in copper.
Book Chapter
Vacuum Induction Melting
Available to PurchaseBook: Casting
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 15
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v15.a0005200
EISBN: 978-1-62708-187-0
... and of the chemical reactions in the melt can be continuously obtained. The melting process can thus be controlled more exactly. Process parameters that can be closely controlled include: Determination of the correct time for the addition of chemically active elements and the sequence of addition...
Abstract
Vacuum induction melting (VIM) is often done as a primary melting operation followed by secondary melting (remelting) operations. This article presents the process description of VIM and illustrates potential processing routes for products, which are cast from VIM ingots or electrodes. It describes the VIM refinement process, which includes the removal of trace elements, nitrogen and hydrogen degassing, and deoxidation. The article concludes with information on the production of nonferrous materials by VIM.
Book: Casting
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 15
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v15.a0005193
EISBN: 978-1-62708-187-0
.... By way of example, assume pure molten iron contains dissolved oxygen at 1600 °C (2910 °F). A small amount of aluminum is added to the melt, and the chemical reaction is: 2 Al _ + 3 O _ → Al 2 O 3 ( s ) where the underlined indicates the elements to be dilute...
Abstract
This article provides an overview of exogenous and indigenous inclusions. It discusses the general concepts of phase diagrams, thermochemical relationships, and reaction rates, along with their practical significance. The article describes the most common techniques for controlling the occurrence of inclusions in any cast metal. It presents a discussion on the inclusions in ferrous and nonferrous alloys, including steels, cast irons, aluminum alloys, copper alloys, and magnesium alloys.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2003
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13a.a0003593
EISBN: 978-1-62708-182-5
... in thermodynamic driving force or in reaction kinetics or both. Certain high-temperature systems involve the contact of materials with a large quantity, or significant depth, of a salt solution above its liquidus temperature. Such systems include the molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC), molten chloride baths to melt...
Abstract
Metals and ceramics exposed to high-temperature salt solutions are susceptible to a form of corrosion caused by fused salts accumulating on unprotected surfaces. This article examines the electrochemistry of such hot corrosion processes, focusing on sodium sulfate systems generated by the combustion of fossil fuels. It explains how salt chemistry, including acid/base and oxidizing properties, affects corrosion rates and mechanisms. The article also provides information on electrochemical testing and explains how Pourbaix methods, normally associated with aqueous corrosion, can be used to study fused-salt corrosion.
1