Radioanalysis is an analytical technique that uses energy emitted by radioactive isotopes to measure the concentration of related elements in test samples. This article begins with a discussion on the principles of radioactive decay and various forms of emission, including alpha and beta-particle emission, positron emission, and gamma and x-ray emission. It compares and contrasts measurement techniques based on various detectors, namely, charged-particle detectors, photon detectors, counting and recording instruments, and radioactive decay spectrometers. It also addresses sample preparation, equipment and process safety, and the handling of radioactive gasses and materials. The article concludes with application examples involving the analysis of rare-earth elements and nuclear fuels.

This article provides a detailed account of the concepts and applications of neutron activation analysis (NAA), covering the basic principles and neutron reactions of NAA as well as calibration methods used for NAA. The discussion also covers the factors pertinent to analytical sensitivity achievable with NAA, common neutron sources, sample-handling technique, and automated systems of NAA. The categories of NAA covered are instrumental neutron activation analysis, epithermal neutron activation analysis, radiochemical neutron activation analysis, 14 MeV fast neutron activation analysis, delayed neutron activation analysis, and prompt gamma activation analysis.