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radiant tubes
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Image
in Materials for Heat-Treating Furnace Parts, Trays, and Fixtures[1]
> Steel Heat Treating Technologies
Published: 30 September 2014
Fig. 12 U-shaped radiant tubes. (a) Fabricated from heat-resistant alloy. (b) Silicon carbide tube
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in Materials for Heat-Treating Furnace Parts, Trays, and Fixtures[1]
> Steel Heat Treating Technologies
Published: 30 September 2014
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Published: 30 September 2014
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Published: 01 November 2010
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Published: 01 November 2010
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 September 2014
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04b.a0005930
EISBN: 978-1-62708-166-5
... alloys used for parts that go through the furnaces, including trays, fixtures, conveyor chains and belts, and quenching fixtures and parts, and the parts that remain in the furnace such as combustion tubes, radiant tubes, burners, thermowells, roller and skid rails, baskets, pots, retorts, muffles...
Abstract
This article reviews high-temperature corrosion of furnace parts used in heat-treating furnaces. It provides a comparison of cast and wrought materials in the context of their general considerations, advantages, and applications. The article provides information on the heat-resistant alloys used for parts that go through the furnaces, including trays, fixtures, conveyor chains and belts, and quenching fixtures and parts, and the parts that remain in the furnace such as combustion tubes, radiant tubes, burners, thermowells, roller and skid rails, baskets, pots, retorts, muffles, and drive and idler drums. The article also reviews the material characteristics of silicon/silicon carbide composite and reaction-bonded silicon carbide as used in radiant tubes.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 22B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 2010
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v22b.a0005529
EISBN: 978-1-62708-197-9
... and continuous furnaces. The heating methods, such as direct-fired heating, radiant-tube heating, and electrical heating, are also discussed. Furnace temperature control is essential to ensure quality heat treatment. The article explains the operating procedure of the automatic temperature controllers used...
Abstract
This article provides information on the heat-source model, conduction heat-transfer model of parts and fixtures, and the radiation heat-transfer and convection heat-transfer models in a furnace. It describes the two types of furnaces used for heat treating: batch furnaces and continuous furnaces. The heating methods, such as direct-fired heating, radiant-tube heating, and electrical heating, are also discussed. Furnace temperature control is essential to ensure quality heat treatment. The article explains the operating procedure of the automatic temperature controllers used in most furnace operations. Heating simulations can be validated by comparison with measured results in full-scale furnaces. The article also presents several case studies to illustrate the use of the simulations.
Book: Surface Engineering
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1994
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05.a0001269
EISBN: 978-1-62708-170-2
... is then rinsed and dried. After this wet section of the process, the strip enters an unfired, or waste gas, preheater before entering a high-gradient, direct-fired furnace. Finally, it enters a high-temperature, radiant-tube, reducing/annealing furnace with a hydrogen-nitrogen atmosphere. Fig. 1 Schematic...
Abstract
This article focuses on the various techniques for removing contaminants in the surface preparation of steel for hot-dip coatings: wet cleaning methods, including alkaline cleaning, electrolytic cleaning, chemical pickling, and electrolytic pickling; flame cleaning and furnace-atmosphere techniques, such as Sendzimir oxidation/reduction method; other specialized methods, namely, fluxes, mechanical cleaning, and ultrasonic methods; or a combination of these.
Image
in Materials for Heat-Treating Furnace Parts, Trays, and Fixtures[1]
> Steel Heat Treating Technologies
Published: 30 September 2014
Fig. 14 Comparison of high-temperature (1350 °C, or 2460 °F) creep testing of radiant tube sections. (Left) Silicon/silicon carbide composite after 360 h. (Right) Ni-Cr-Fe alloy after less than 1 h. Test conducted at High-Tech Ceramics, Alfred, NY
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Published: 01 December 1998
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Published: 30 September 2014
of the oil with an inert gas atmosphere. Radiant tube is used for heating and cooling. Source: Ref 2
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Published: 01 January 1994
Fig. 13 Temperature and time data for an intermittent furnace. Difference in temperature between two sheet steel parts during a 10 min firing cycle at 825 °C (1520 °F) in a 4.9 m (16 ft) intermittent furnace with radiant-tube heating. Indicating thermocouple was 710 mm (28 in.) below the top
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Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 September 2014
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04b.a0005957
EISBN: 978-1-62708-166-5
... parts, such as conveyors and rollers in continuous furnaces, radiant tubes for indirect firing, and covers in coil and pack-annealing furnaces, are of metallic construction because the temperature seldom exceeds the 425 to 870 °C (800 to 1600 °F) range. Special alloys are used to reduce the maintenance...
Abstract
Furnaces are one of the most versatile types of industrial appliances that span many different areas of use. This article discusses the classification of various furnaces used in heat treating based on the mode of operation (batch-type furnaces and continuous-type furnaces), application, heating method, mode of heat transfer, type of materials handling system, and mode of waste heat recovery (recuperation and regeneration). It provides information on uniform temperature distribution, the general requirements and selection criteria for insulation materials, as well as the basic safety requirements of these furnaces.
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in Corrosion in Petroleum Refining and Petrochemical Operations
> Corrosion: Environments and Industries
Published: 01 January 2006
Fig. 5 High-temperature sulfidic corrosion of 150 mm (6 in.) diameter carbon steel tube from radiant section of crude preheat furnace at crude distillation unit. Note accelerated attack on fire side.
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Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 September 2014
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04b.a0005923
EISBN: 978-1-62708-166-5
.... The unit contains combined heating and cooling elements and a provision for blanketing the surface of the oil with an inert gas atmosphere. Radiant tube is used for heating and cooling. Source: Ref 2 Quench Tank Size The size of a quench tank is dependent on the quenchant, size of parts, weight...
Abstract
Quenchant agitation can be obtained by circulating quenchant in a quench tank through pumps and impellers. The selection of the agitation method depends on the tank design, type and volume of the quenchant, part design, and the severity of quench required. This article describes flow measurement methods, temperature control, materials handling, and filtration processes during the agitation process. The maintenance of quenching installations is also discussed.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.a0003198
EISBN: 978-1-62708-199-3
... and fixtures for hardening, annealing, normalizing, brazing, and stress relieving Table 1 Recommended materials for furnace parts and fixtures for hardening, annealing, normalizing, brazing, and stress relieving Retorts, muffles, radiant tubes Mesh belts, wrought Chain link Sprockets, rolls...
Abstract
Batch furnaces and continuous furnaces are commonly used in heat treating. This article provides a detailed account of various heat treating equipment and its furnace types, including salt bath equipment (externally heated, immersed-electrode and submerged-electrode furnaces), and fluidized-bed equipment (external-resistance-heated fluidized beds). It describes various auxiliary equipment used in cold-wall furnaces, namely, heating elements and pumping systems. Five types of heat-resistant alloys are used for furnace parts, trays, and fixtures: Fe-Cr alloys, Fe-Cr-Ni alloys, Fe-Ni-Cr alloys, nickel-base alloys and cobalt-base alloys. The article lists the recommended applications for alloys for parts and fixtures for various types of heat treating furnaces.
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 10
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1986
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v10.a0001731
EISBN: 978-1-62708-178-8
... Absorption Spectrometry” in this Volume). The spectral region of interest extends from 200 to 800 nm. The short-wavelength (200 nm) high-energy end of this spectral region is defined by the fact that below 200 nm oxygen and nitrogen in the atmosphere begin to absorb the radiant energy. The region below...
Abstract
Ultraviolet/visible (UV/VIS) absorption spectroscopy is a powerful yet cost-effective tool that is widely used to identify organic compounds and to measure the concentration of principal and trace constituents in liquid, gas, and solid test samples. This article emphasizes the quantitative analysis of elements in metals and metal-bearing ores. The instrumentation required for such applications consists of a light source, a filter or wavelength selector, and some type of visual or automated sensing mechanism. The article examines common sensing options and provides helpful information on how to set up and run a variety of UV/VIS absorption tests.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 10
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1986
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v10.a0005692
EISBN: 978-1-62708-178-8
..., and structure lacks crystalline periodicity; that copy and spark source mass spectrometry. molecules. is, the pattern of its constituent atoms or molecules does not repeat periodically in analytical line. In spectroscopy, the partic- absorptivity. A measure of radiant energy three dimensions. See also metallic...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 2A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 November 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v02a.a0006528
EISBN: 978-1-62708-207-5
... is derived completely from adequate air circulation to maintain a uniform temperature throughout the furnace of ±1% of the nominal operating temperature. Forced-convection heating is also accomplished with gas-fired radiant tubes as the heat source. The tubes are baffled from the work or firing zone so...
Abstract
Porcelain enamel is a fusion bonded glass coating that resists chemical and abrasive attack, provides thermal and electrical insulation, and improves aesthetic qualities. It is used on cast iron as well as steel and aluminum alloys. This article provides a review of the porcelain enameling process, the composition of frits, and the preparation of coating substrates. It also provides information on chemical, mechanical, and electrical properties and sheds light on process consistency and quality control.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 1995
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.emde.a0003061
EISBN: 978-1-62708-200-6
... applications for ceramics that make use of wear resistance include dies for hot extrusion of metal rods and tubes, inserts for tablesetting, and paper lapping dies, seals, and bearings. Wear can be organized into two categories: impingement wear and rubbing wear. Impingement wear involves particles...
Abstract
Structural applications for advanced ceramics include mineral processing equipment, machine tools, wear components, heat exchangers, automotive products, aerospace components, and medical products. This article begins with an overview of the wear-resistant applications and the parameters affecting wear of ceramics, namely, hardness, thermal conductivity, fracture toughness, and corrosion resistance. The next part of the article addresses temperature-resistant applications of advanced ceramics. Specific applications of ceramic materials addressed include cutting tools, pump and valve components, rolling elements and bearings, paper and wire manufacturing, biomedical implants, heat exchangers, adiabatic diesel engines, advanced gas turbines, and aerospace applications.
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