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Search Results for quenched-and-tempered steels
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Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 September 2014
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04b.a0005936
EISBN: 978-1-62708-166-5
..., and volume changes due to phase transformations. Heat Treatment of Tempering and Bearing Steels This section covers through hardening, surface hardening, and tempering. Through Hardening Through hardening either is the first process step of a quench-and-temper treatment, or serves to achieve...
Abstract
In the case of steels, heat treatment plays a fundamental role because no other process step can manipulate the microstructure in order to fulfill such a wide variety of possible in-service conditions. This article addresses heat treatment with regard to hardening and subsequent tempering of steel components in order to optimize tribological properties. It focuses on the heat treatment of tempering and bearing steels and on volume changes that take place due to phase transformations. Plastic deformations that occur due to shrinking and phase transformation are also discussed. The article also describes the generation of thermal, transformation, and hardening residual stresses.
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Published: 01 August 2013
Fig. 1 Hardness of quenched and tempered plain carbon steels at various tempering temperatures. Source: Ref 1
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Published: 01 January 1990
Fig. 3 Tensile and impact properties of fully quenched and tempered boron steels superimposed on normal expectancy bands for medium-carbon low-alloy steels without boron
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Published: 01 January 2000
Fig. 14 Range of tensile properties in several quenched-and-tempered steels at the same hardness values. Source: Ref 10
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Published: 01 January 1987
Fig. 31 Macrographs of quenched-and-tempered AISI 4142 steel tensile specimens showing splitting parallel to the hot-working axis in specimens tempered at 455 °C (850 °F) or higher Specimen Temper Tensile strength 0.2% yield strength Elongation, % %RA °C °F MPa ksi MPa ksi
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Published: 01 January 1987
Fig. 466 Impact fracture in a specimen of AMS 6434 steel quenched and then tempered at 205 °C (400 °F) to a yield strength of about 1550 MPa (225 ksi) and broken at −196 °C (−321 °F), showing a woody type of cleavage-fracture surface. TEM p-c replica, 210×
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Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 6 Punch made of AISI S7 tool steel that cracked during quenching. Temper color was observed on the crack walls. Cracking was promoted by and located by the very coarse machining marks. Magnetic particles have been used to emphasize the cracks. 0.5×
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Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 20 Beach marks on (a) quenched-and-tempered alloy steel pin fractured in low-cycle fatigue ( Ref 4 ), and on (b) maraging steel stud fractured in the laboratory by stress-corrosion cracking under steady load ( Ref 16 ). The presence of beach marks is indicative of progressive cracking
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Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 16 Mechanical properties of quenched and tempered low-alloy steel (0.30–0.50 wt% C) as determined by Patton. Source: Ref 11
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Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 17 Mechanical properties of quenched and tempered low-alloy steel (0.30–0.45 wt% C) as determined by Janitsky and Baeyertz. Source: Ref 12
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Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 22 Transformation shear bands in quenched and tempered (45 HRC) 1060 steel. (a) 330×. (b) 660×
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Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 12 Mud cracks on the fracture surface of a quenched and tempered 4340 steel exposed to a marine environment. TEM replica
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in Mechanisms and Appearances of Ductile and Brittle Fracture in Metals
> Failure Analysis and Prevention
Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 11 Debonding of a MnS particle in a 4140 quenched and tempered steel due to a bending stress. The component was forged, and considerable directionality (banding and fibering) existed in the material. Crack propagation from bottom to top in the photograph. Courtesy of Michael West
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Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 35 Micrograph of AISI 4140 steel as quenched and tempered. The microstructure is tempered martensite with evidence of decarburization and high-temperature oxidation on the surface of the crack profile. 50×; 2% nital etch. Source: Ref 27
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Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 36 Micrograph of AISI 4140 steel as quenched and tempered. The microstructure is tempered martensite with intergranular quench cracking along the prior austenite grain boundaries. 100×; 2% nital etch. Source: Ref 27
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Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 42 Micrograph of AISI 4140 steel as quenched and tempered. The microstructure is tempered martensite with quench cracking in the area of dimensional change. 91×; 2% nital etch. Source: Ref 27
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Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 43 Micrograph of AISI 4142 steel as quenched and tempered. The microstructure is tempered martensite with quench cracking at the fillet radius. 100×; 3% nital etch. Source: Ref 27
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Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 44 Micrograph of AISI 4140 steel as quenched and tempered. The microstructure is tempered martensite with quench cracking initiating from a machine groove. 100×; 2% nital etch. Source: Ref 27
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Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 45 Micrograph of AISI 4118 carburized steel as quenched and tempered. The microstructure is tempered martensite (unetched) with a quench crack propagating from a machining burr. 200×. Source: Ref 27
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Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 47 Micrograph of type 403 stainless steel as quenched and tempered. The microstructure is predominantly tempered martensite, with cracking promoted by the seam. 100×; Vilella's reagent. Source: Ref 27
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