Skip Nav Destination
Close Modal
By
D. Scott MacKenzie
By
Nikolai I. Kobasko, Michael A. Aronov, Joseph A. Powell
By
Pete Csiszar
By
Francisco Andrés Acosta-González
By
D. Scott MacKenzie, Niels Bogh, Tom Croucher
By
Michael A. Aronov, Nikolai I. Kobasko, Joseph A. Powell, George E. Totten
By
Lauralice C.F. Canale, Rosa L. Simencio Otero, George E. Totten, Xinmin Luo
By
D. Scott MacKenzie, Andrew L. Banka
By
Valery Rudnev, George E. Totten, Yulia Pleshivtseva, Lauralice C.F. Canale, Rosa L. Simencio Otero
By
Weimin Gao, Lingxue Kong, Peter Hodgson
Search Results for
quench tank design
Update search
Filter
- Title
- Authors
- Author Affiliations
- Full Text
- Abstract
- Keywords
- DOI
- ISBN
- EISBN
- Issue
- ISSN
- EISSN
- Volume
- References
Filter
- Title
- Authors
- Author Affiliations
- Full Text
- Abstract
- Keywords
- DOI
- ISBN
- EISBN
- Issue
- ISSN
- EISSN
- Volume
- References
Filter
- Title
- Authors
- Author Affiliations
- Full Text
- Abstract
- Keywords
- DOI
- ISBN
- EISBN
- Issue
- ISSN
- EISSN
- Volume
- References
Filter
- Title
- Authors
- Author Affiliations
- Full Text
- Abstract
- Keywords
- DOI
- ISBN
- EISBN
- Issue
- ISSN
- EISSN
- Volume
- References
Filter
- Title
- Authors
- Author Affiliations
- Full Text
- Abstract
- Keywords
- DOI
- ISBN
- EISBN
- Issue
- ISSN
- EISSN
- Volume
- References
Filter
- Title
- Authors
- Author Affiliations
- Full Text
- Abstract
- Keywords
- DOI
- ISBN
- EISBN
- Issue
- ISSN
- EISSN
- Volume
- References
NARROW
Format
Topics
Book Series
Date
Availability
1-20 of 369
Search Results for quench tank design
Follow your search
Access your saved searches in your account
Would you like to receive an alert when new items match your search?
1
Sort by
Book Chapter
Quenchant Agitation, Design, and Characterization
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 September 2014
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04b.a0005923
EISBN: 978-1-62708-166-5
... Abstract Quenchant agitation can be obtained by circulating quenchant in a quench tank through pumps and impellers. The selection of the agitation method depends on the tank design, type and volume of the quenchant, part design, and the severity of quench required. This article describes flow...
Abstract
Quenchant agitation can be obtained by circulating quenchant in a quench tank through pumps and impellers. The selection of the agitation method depends on the tank design, type and volume of the quenchant, part design, and the severity of quench required. This article describes flow measurement methods, temperature control, materials handling, and filtration processes during the agitation process. The maintenance of quenching installations is also discussed.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4F
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 February 2024
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v4F.a0007006
EISBN: 978-1-62708-450-5
... described. Much effort is placed on the proper design of the furnace for temperature and atmosphere uniformity, proper temperature control, and exact carbon potential. However, the design of the quench tank can have a drastic effect on the overall system performance, with proper design ensuring proper...
Abstract
Agitation is one of the most critical areas of quench system design. This article provides an overview of the impact of agitation on quench uniformity, followed by a general discussion of the selection and use of various types of agitators, including recirculation pumps, jet mixers, forced air (sparging), and impellers. A brief overview of heat-exchanger types and their selection criteria is also provided, along with simplified calculations for approximating heat-exchange requirements. The methods of selecting a quenchant are provided. Recommendations for system maintenance are also described. Much effort is placed on the proper design of the furnace for temperature and atmosphere uniformity, proper temperature control, and exact carbon potential. However, the design of the quench tank can have a drastic effect on the overall system performance, with proper design ensuring proper mechanical properties (hardness, strength, and fracture toughness) as well as distortion control.
Book Chapter
Intensive Quenching Processes
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4F
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 February 2024
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v4F.a0007010
EISBN: 978-1-62708-450-5
... Abstract Intensive quenching (IQ) is an alternative method of hardening steel parts. Two types of IQ methods are used in heat treating practice: IQ-2 and IQ-3. IQ-2 is implemented in IQ water tanks, which are usually used for batch quenching of steel parts. IQ-3 is conducted in single-part...
Abstract
Intensive quenching (IQ) is an alternative method of hardening steel parts. Two types of IQ methods are used in heat treating practice: IQ-2 and IQ-3. IQ-2 is implemented in IQ water tanks, which are usually used for batch quenching of steel parts. IQ-3 is conducted in single-part processing using high-velocity water flow IQ units. This article presents a detailed description of IQ technology, related equipment, and IQ applications. A review of intensive quench system design and processing is provided, including numerical design criteria, steel selection, quenchants, properties (especially optimal residual stress profiles). Several specific applications of intensive quenching are also provided.
Book Chapter
Agitator and Fluid Mixing Fundamentals for Quench Tank Applications
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4F
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 February 2024
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v4F.a0007007
EISBN: 978-1-62708-450-5
... be mixed. It is therefore not unreasonable to consider the blending of a single liquid of differing temperatures to be analogous to blending liquid A and liquid B of miscible liquids to uniformity. Whether the quench tank application is small, large, an existing system, retrofit, or a new system design...
Abstract
The role of a mixer/agitator in quenching applications is to control the mixing environment in order to meet the process criteria. This article provides the basic fundamentals of the sizing of agitators, tank geometry importance, and other considerations for the application of agitators in quench tanks. It also discusses the differing methods for the sizing and selection of agitators for quench tank applications.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04a.a0005820
EISBN: 978-1-62708-165-8
.... The quench tank for a continuous system should be sized to maintain a constant temperature at maximum throughput with the cooling capabilities of the system being used. Some systems simply use oversized tanks and depend on convection cooling. Other systems, depending on the system manufacturer or design...
Abstract
Molten salt, including nitrite/nitrate salts, is the quenching medium most commonly used in austempering and marquenching of ferrous materials. This article describes the use of molten salts in the quenching of ferrous materials. It provides information on the processing and operation of salt quenching including considerations of time, temperature, environment, and safety, as well as critical characteristics such as the composition of the quenchant, agitation, and water additions.
Image
Schematic of typical tank used for continuous quenching applications. The t...
Available to PurchasePublished: 30 September 2014
Fig. 2 Schematic of typical tank used for continuous quenching applications. The tank is designed for quenching parts of similar shape from a continuous hardening furnace. Parts fall from the furnace belt through the quenchant and onto a conveyor belt that transports them from the quenching
More
Image
Schematic of typical tank used for continuous quenching applications. The t...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 February 2024
Fig. 2 Schematic of typical tank used for continuous quenching applications. The tank is designed for quenching parts of similar shape from a continuous hardening furnace. Parts fall from the furnace belt through the quenchant and onto a conveyor belt that transports them from the quenching
More
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 2A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 November 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v02a.a0006506
EISBN: 978-1-62708-207-5
... than 5 °C (10 °F). This requirement governs the design of most quench tanks regarding the total volume in an immersion quench tank. (See the section “Quench Tank Systems” in this article for more details.) Effect of Water Temperature When water quenchant temperature is increased, two things...
Abstract
The fundamental objective of quenching is to preserve, as nearly as possible, a metastable solid solution formed at the solution heat treating temperature, by rapidly cooling to some lower temperature, usually near room temperature. This article provides an overview of the factors used to determine a suitable cooling rate and the appropriate quenching process to develop a suitable cooling rate. It discusses the three distinct stages of quenching: vapor stage, boiling stage, and convection stage. The article reviews the factors that affect the rate of cooling in production operations. It discusses the quenchants that are used in quenching aluminum alloys, namely, hot or cold water and polyalkylene glycol. The article also describes the racking practices for controlling distortion and the level of residual stresses induced during the quench.
Image
(a) Typical arrangement of ring stacks in the quench tank. Location of prop...
Available to Purchase
in Modeling and Simulation of Steel Heat Treatment—Prediction of Microstructure, Distortion, Residual Stresses, and Cracking
> Steel Heat Treating Technologies
Published: 30 September 2014
Fig. 43 (a) Typical arrangement of ring stacks in the quench tank. Location of propellers (agitation) varies according to tank design. (b) Heat transfer coefficient distribution on the ring surface. (c) Predicted residual effective stress distribution after quenching. Source: Ref 132
More
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04a.a0005766
EISBN: 978-1-62708-165-8
.... Bogh N. , Quench Tank Agitation Design Using Flow Modeling , Heat Treating: Equipment and Processes—1994 Conference Proceedings , Totten G.E. and Wallis R.A. , Ed., ASM International , 1994 , p 51 – 54 18. Halva J. and Volný J. , Modeling the Flow in a Quench...
Abstract
Quenching severity is agitation-dependent and therefore, magnitude and turbulence of fluid flow around a part in the quench zone are critically important relative to the uniformity of heat transfer throughout the quenching process. This article provides an overview of the measurement principles for different types of flow devices used in production quench tanks, namely, vane sensors, fluid-quench sensors, caterpillar quench-evaluation sensors, and thermal probes. Various methods of flow measurement in commercial quench tanks may be acceptable for adequate control to ensure a high-quality production process.
Book Chapter
Advanced Industrial Quench System Design—Fluid Dynamics Analysis
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4F
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 February 2024
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v4F.a0007008
EISBN: 978-1-62708-450-5
... it is well known that fluid flow varies greatly as a function of position within industrial tanks ( Ref 3 ), fluid velocity distribution monitoring is rarely found in production quench lines. This may be attributed to the fact that properly designed flow devices with sufficient sensitivity and ruggedness...
Abstract
Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) provides an efficient, alternate, virtual approach for simulating and analyzing quenching processes with an impact on component design, manufacturing process, and quality. This article provides domain insights for quenching researchers and CFD practitioners for the modeling of the industrial quenching process and for supporting the diverse multifunctional needs in an industry, ranging from primary metallurgical companies (steel, aluminum, and other alloys), original equipment manufacturers, engineering companies, captive and commercial heat treating facilities, quench system manufacturers, and quench fluid suppliers. It describes the governing differential equations for the fluid flow and heat-transfer phenomena during quenching. The article also discusses different modeling categories to determine a CFD methodology for quenching.
Book Chapter
Quenching of Aluminum Alloys
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4E
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2016
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04e.a0006260
EISBN: 978-1-62708-169-6
... to below 30 °C (90 °F), with the maximum rise of no more than 5 °C (10 °F). This requirement governs the design of most quench tanks regarding the total volume in an immersion quench tank. (See the section “ Quench Tank Systems ” in this article for more details.) Water quenching practices for common...
Abstract
Quenching refers to the rapid cooling of metal from the solution treating temperature, typically between 465 and 565 deg C (870 and 1050 deg F) for aluminum alloys. This article provides an overview on the appropriate quenching process and factors used to determine suitable cooling rate. It describes the quench sensitivity and severity of alloys, quench mechanisms and the different types of quenchants used in immersion, spray, and fog quenching. The article provides a detailed description of the quench-factor analysis that mainly includes residual stress and distortion, which can be controlled by proper racking. It concludes with information on agitation and the quench tank system used in the quenching of aluminum alloys.
Book Chapter
Intensive Quenching of Steel Parts
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04a.a0005774
EISBN: 978-1-62708-165-8
... quenchant nucleate boiling heat-transfer conditions on the part surface, slow cooling in air, and convection cooling in the quench tank. The IQ-2 process is usually applied to batch quenching. The IQ-3 process is a one-step intensive cooling method (referred to as an IQ-3 technique), where cooling...
Abstract
Intensive quenching (IQ) is an alternative method of hardening steel parts, providing extremely high cooling rates within the martensite-phase formation temperature range. This article begins with the description on the general correlation between steel mechanical properties and cooling rate during IQ. It presents a review of batch intensive quenching (IQ-2) methods and single-part intensive quenching (IQ-3) methods as well as practical applications of these methods. The article provides useful information on the effect of heat flow on cooling in these methods, and discusses the improvements achieved in part microstructure, mechanical properties, and stress conditions of steel, after intensive quenching. It also describes the reasons for part distortion in IQ, and reviews the types of quench systems used in IQ-2 and IQ-3 processes.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4F
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 February 2024
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v4F.a0007000
EISBN: 978-1-62708-450-5
... tank with a symmetrical shape was designed for use as an alternative to the standard laboratory quenching tank described in in ASTM D6482 (Ref 1 ). A high-speed camera was used to observe the behavior of thermal flow, steam film, and boiling bubbles occurring between the boundary layer and the hot...
Abstract
Flow visualization is an important characterization process to not only understand uniformity of the interfacial cooling mechanisms, but also to characterize the overall impact of agitation on the uniformity of the overall cooling process. This article focuses on thermal flow simulation and visualization in the quenching process. The study presents the effect of bubbling, boiling, and breaking the steam film on the heat-transfer coefficient during the agitated quenching process.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 September 2014
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04b.a0005924
EISBN: 978-1-62708-166-5
..., including cooling systems, power supplies, heat stations, work handling fixtures, induction or work coils, and quench systems. The article discusses the influence of system elements on induction heat treating system design. It also deals with the general theory, types, and applications of induction coils...
Abstract
Induction heating has many different applications, such as melting, heating stock for forging, and heat treating. This article begins with a discussion on the types of power supplies, namely, solid-state power supplies and oscillator tubes. It provides information on system elements, including cooling systems, power supplies, heat stations, work handling fixtures, induction or work coils, and quench systems. The article discusses the influence of system elements on induction heat treating system design. It also deals with the general theory, types, and applications of induction coils.
Book Chapter
Petroleum Oil Quenchants
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4F
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 February 2024
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v4F.a0007002
EISBN: 978-1-62708-450-5
... temperature is approximately compensated by the decrease in quench severity expected by the decrease temperature difference between the cooling metal surface and oil temperature (Δ T ). Herring reports that most equipment manufacturers design the size of their quench tanks to limit the instantaneous increase...
Abstract
In this article, an in-depth overview of petroleum quenching oils is provided, including oil composition, use, mechanism of the oil quenching processes, oil degradation, toxicology and safety, and quenching bath maintenance.
Book Chapter
Determination of Heat Transfer Coefficients for Thermal Modeling
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 22A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2009
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v22a.a0005436
EISBN: 978-1-62708-196-2
... it right the first time.” Unfortunately, there are few design rules that dictate the racking of a part in a given furnace. The application of computer modeling allows these mistakes to be made on the computer instead of on the manufacturing shop floor. During the quenching process, when a hot component...
Abstract
This article provides information on the various stages of quenching, sources of distortion, and factors that affect the creation of thermal gradients. It reviews the various determinations of heat-transfer coefficients by the thermal conductivity and diffusivity method, analytical and empirical methods, application of cooling curves, computational fluid dynamics, and the inverse conduction calculation and measurement of parts. Suitable examples are also provided.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 09 June 2014
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04c.a0005862
EISBN: 978-1-62708-167-2
..., on quenching. It also describes various quenching methods for steel induction heat treating, namely, spray quenching, immersion quenching, self or mass quenching, and forced air quenching. The article also reviews quench system design and quenchants and their maintenance. brine quenching induction...
Abstract
Induction heating for hardening of steels has advantages from the standpoint of quenching because parts are individually processed in a controlled manner. This article provides information on the effect of agitation, temperature, hardening, residual stresses, and quenching media, on quenching. It also describes various quenching methods for steel induction heat treating, namely, spray quenching, immersion quenching, self or mass quenching, and forced air quenching. The article also reviews quench system design and quenchants and their maintenance.
Book Chapter
Induction Quenching
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4F
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 February 2024
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v4F.a0007011
EISBN: 978-1-62708-450-5
..., configuration, and design specifics of the quenching device. Heating inductor , inductor , induction coil , and coil are terms used interchangeably for the electrical apparatus that provides the electromagnetic heating effect in the electrically conductive workpiece positioned in close proximity...
Abstract
This article presents the fundamentals of induction hardening (IH). It focuses on liquid quenching technology, but some specifics and brief comments are provided regarding alternative quenching media as well. The article provides a discussion on the following quench modes that can be applied in IH using liquid media: conventional immersion quenching, open spray quenching, flood quenching, and submerged quench or submerged spray quench. It also focuses on four primary methods of IH: scan hardening, progressive hardening, single-shot hardening, and static hardening.
Book Chapter
Fluidized-Bed Quenching
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04a.a0005794
EISBN: 978-1-62708-165-8
... the fluidized beds. As with convection quenching tanks such as oil and water, the fluidized bed must be designed for a maximum temperature rise of no more than 20 to 40 °C (40 to 70 °F) during the quenching cycle. The basic calculations used to size the container are identical in principle to that of sizing...
Abstract
The fluidized bed provides a means for exchanging heat between a metal part, the solid particles, and the fluidizing gas and which is viable for quenching. This article briefly considers the design aspects of the gas distributor, plenum, container, immersed cooling tubes and surface air spray cooling system in the quenching fluidized bed. It describes the fundamental factors affecting quenching power of the fluidized beds, namely, particle size, particle material, fluidizing gas composition, fluidizing gas flow rate, bed temperature and pressure, and the arrangement of quenched parts with respect to one another and to the bed. The article discusses the advantages, disadvantages, various applications and processes, including conventional batch quenching, two-step batch quenching, and continuous quenching of fluidized bed quenching, in detail.
1