Skip Nav Destination
Close Modal
Search Results for
quench tank design
Update search
Filter
- Title
- Authors
- Author Affiliations
- Full Text
- Abstract
- Keywords
- DOI
- ISBN
- EISBN
- Issue
- ISSN
- EISSN
- Volume
- References
Filter
- Title
- Authors
- Author Affiliations
- Full Text
- Abstract
- Keywords
- DOI
- ISBN
- EISBN
- Issue
- ISSN
- EISSN
- Volume
- References
Filter
- Title
- Authors
- Author Affiliations
- Full Text
- Abstract
- Keywords
- DOI
- ISBN
- EISBN
- Issue
- ISSN
- EISSN
- Volume
- References
Filter
- Title
- Authors
- Author Affiliations
- Full Text
- Abstract
- Keywords
- DOI
- ISBN
- EISBN
- Issue
- ISSN
- EISSN
- Volume
- References
Filter
- Title
- Authors
- Author Affiliations
- Full Text
- Abstract
- Keywords
- DOI
- ISBN
- EISBN
- Issue
- ISSN
- EISSN
- Volume
- References
Filter
- Title
- Authors
- Author Affiliations
- Full Text
- Abstract
- Keywords
- DOI
- ISBN
- EISBN
- Issue
- ISSN
- EISSN
- Volume
- References
NARROW
Format
Topics
Book Series
Date
Availability
1-20 of 343 Search Results for
quench tank design
Follow your search
Access your saved searches in your account
Would you like to receive an alert when new items match your search?
1
Sort by
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 September 2014
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04b.a0005923
EISBN: 978-1-62708-166-5
... Abstract Quenchant agitation can be obtained by circulating quenchant in a quench tank through pumps and impellers. The selection of the agitation method depends on the tank design, type and volume of the quenchant, part design, and the severity of quench required. This article describes flow...
Abstract
Quenchant agitation can be obtained by circulating quenchant in a quench tank through pumps and impellers. The selection of the agitation method depends on the tank design, type and volume of the quenchant, part design, and the severity of quench required. This article describes flow measurement methods, temperature control, materials handling, and filtration processes during the agitation process. The maintenance of quenching installations is also discussed.
Image
Published: 30 September 2014
Fig. 2 Schematic of typical tank used for continuous quenching applications. The tank is designed for quenching parts of similar shape from a continuous hardening furnace. Parts fall from the furnace belt through the quenchant and onto a conveyor belt that transports them from the quenching
More
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04a.a0005820
EISBN: 978-1-62708-165-8
.... The quench tank for a continuous system should be sized to maintain a constant temperature at maximum throughput with the cooling capabilities of the system being used. Some systems simply use oversized tanks and depend on convection cooling. Other systems, depending on the system manufacturer or design...
Abstract
Molten salt, including nitrite/nitrate salts, is the quenching medium most commonly used in austempering and marquenching of ferrous materials. This article describes the use of molten salts in the quenching of ferrous materials. It provides information on the processing and operation of salt quenching including considerations of time, temperature, environment, and safety, as well as critical characteristics such as the composition of the quenchant, agitation, and water additions.
Image
in Modeling and Simulation of Steel Heat Treatment—Prediction of Microstructure, Distortion, Residual Stresses, and Cracking
> Steel Heat Treating Technologies
Published: 30 September 2014
Fig. 43 (a) Typical arrangement of ring stacks in the quench tank. Location of propellers (agitation) varies according to tank design. (b) Heat transfer coefficient distribution on the ring surface. (c) Predicted residual effective stress distribution after quenching. Source: Ref 132
More
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 2A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 November 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v02a.a0006506
EISBN: 978-1-62708-207-5
... than 5 °C (10 °F). This requirement governs the design of most quench tanks regarding the total volume in an immersion quench tank. (See the section “Quench Tank Systems” in this article for more details.) Effect of Water Temperature When water quenchant temperature is increased, two things...
Abstract
The fundamental objective of quenching is to preserve, as nearly as possible, a metastable solid solution formed at the solution heat treating temperature, by rapidly cooling to some lower temperature, usually near room temperature. This article provides an overview of the factors used to determine a suitable cooling rate and the appropriate quenching process to develop a suitable cooling rate. It discusses the three distinct stages of quenching: vapor stage, boiling stage, and convection stage. The article reviews the factors that affect the rate of cooling in production operations. It discusses the quenchants that are used in quenching aluminum alloys, namely, hot or cold water and polyalkylene glycol. The article also describes the racking practices for controlling distortion and the level of residual stresses induced during the quench.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04a.a0005766
EISBN: 978-1-62708-165-8
.... Bogh N. , Quench Tank Agitation Design Using Flow Modeling , Heat Treating: Equipment and Processes—1994 Conference Proceedings , Totten G.E. and Wallis R.A. , Ed., ASM International , 1994 , p 51 – 54 18. Halva J. and Volný J. , Modeling the Flow in a Quench...
Abstract
Quenching severity is agitation-dependent and therefore, magnitude and turbulence of fluid flow around a part in the quench zone are critically important relative to the uniformity of heat transfer throughout the quenching process. This article provides an overview of the measurement principles for different types of flow devices used in production quench tanks, namely, vane sensors, fluid-quench sensors, caterpillar quench-evaluation sensors, and thermal probes. Various methods of flow measurement in commercial quench tanks may be acceptable for adequate control to ensure a high-quality production process.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4E
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2016
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04e.a0006260
EISBN: 978-1-62708-169-6
... to below 30 °C (90 °F), with the maximum rise of no more than 5 °C (10 °F). This requirement governs the design of most quench tanks regarding the total volume in an immersion quench tank. (See the section “ Quench Tank Systems ” in this article for more details.) Water quenching practices for common...
Abstract
Quenching refers to the rapid cooling of metal from the solution treating temperature, typically between 465 and 565 deg C (870 and 1050 deg F) for aluminum alloys. This article provides an overview on the appropriate quenching process and factors used to determine suitable cooling rate. It describes the quench sensitivity and severity of alloys, quench mechanisms and the different types of quenchants used in immersion, spray, and fog quenching. The article provides a detailed description of the quench-factor analysis that mainly includes residual stress and distortion, which can be controlled by proper racking. It concludes with information on agitation and the quench tank system used in the quenching of aluminum alloys.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04a.a0005774
EISBN: 978-1-62708-165-8
... quenchant nucleate boiling heat-transfer conditions on the part surface, slow cooling in air, and convection cooling in the quench tank. The IQ-2 process is usually applied to batch quenching. The IQ-3 process is a one-step intensive cooling method (referred to as an IQ-3 technique), where cooling...
Abstract
Intensive quenching (IQ) is an alternative method of hardening steel parts, providing extremely high cooling rates within the martensite-phase formation temperature range. This article begins with the description on the general correlation between steel mechanical properties and cooling rate during IQ. It presents a review of batch intensive quenching (IQ-2) methods and single-part intensive quenching (IQ-3) methods as well as practical applications of these methods. The article provides useful information on the effect of heat flow on cooling in these methods, and discusses the improvements achieved in part microstructure, mechanical properties, and stress conditions of steel, after intensive quenching. It also describes the reasons for part distortion in IQ, and reviews the types of quench systems used in IQ-2 and IQ-3 processes.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 September 2014
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04b.a0005924
EISBN: 978-1-62708-166-5
..., including cooling systems, power supplies, heat stations, work handling fixtures, induction or work coils, and quench systems. The article discusses the influence of system elements on induction heat treating system design. It also deals with the general theory, types, and applications of induction coils...
Abstract
Induction heating has many different applications, such as melting, heating stock for forging, and heat treating. This article begins with a discussion on the types of power supplies, namely, solid-state power supplies and oscillator tubes. It provides information on system elements, including cooling systems, power supplies, heat stations, work handling fixtures, induction or work coils, and quench systems. The article discusses the influence of system elements on induction heat treating system design. It also deals with the general theory, types, and applications of induction coils.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 09 June 2014
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04c.a0005862
EISBN: 978-1-62708-167-2
..., on quenching. It also describes various quenching methods for steel induction heat treating, namely, spray quenching, immersion quenching, self or mass quenching, and forced air quenching. The article also reviews quench system design and quenchants and their maintenance. brine quenching induction...
Abstract
Induction heating for hardening of steels has advantages from the standpoint of quenching because parts are individually processed in a controlled manner. This article provides information on the effect of agitation, temperature, hardening, residual stresses, and quenching media, on quenching. It also describes various quenching methods for steel induction heat treating, namely, spray quenching, immersion quenching, self or mass quenching, and forced air quenching. The article also reviews quench system design and quenchants and their maintenance.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 22A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2009
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v22a.a0005436
EISBN: 978-1-62708-196-2
... it right the first time.” Unfortunately, there are few design rules that dictate the racking of a part in a given furnace. The application of computer modeling allows these mistakes to be made on the computer instead of on the manufacturing shop floor. During the quenching process, when a hot component...
Abstract
This article provides information on the various stages of quenching, sources of distortion, and factors that affect the creation of thermal gradients. It reviews the various determinations of heat-transfer coefficients by the thermal conductivity and diffusivity method, analytical and empirical methods, application of cooling curves, computational fluid dynamics, and the inverse conduction calculation and measurement of parts. Suitable examples are also provided.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04a.a0005794
EISBN: 978-1-62708-165-8
... the fluidized beds. As with convection quenching tanks such as oil and water, the fluidized bed must be designed for a maximum temperature rise of no more than 20 to 40 °C (40 to 70 °F) during the quenching cycle. The basic calculations used to size the container are identical in principle to that of sizing...
Abstract
The fluidized bed provides a means for exchanging heat between a metal part, the solid particles, and the fluidizing gas and which is viable for quenching. This article briefly considers the design aspects of the gas distributor, plenum, container, immersed cooling tubes and surface air spray cooling system in the quenching fluidized bed. It describes the fundamental factors affecting quenching power of the fluidized beds, namely, particle size, particle material, fluidizing gas composition, fluidizing gas flow rate, bed temperature and pressure, and the arrangement of quenched parts with respect to one another and to the bed. The article discusses the advantages, disadvantages, various applications and processes, including conventional batch quenching, two-step batch quenching, and continuous quenching of fluidized bed quenching, in detail.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04a.a0005824
EISBN: 978-1-62708-165-8
... or the agitation, quenchant temperature, or the quenching medium. The design of the quenching system and the thoroughness with which the system is maintained contribute to the success of the process. Part design also contributes to the mechanical properties and distortion that will result from a particular...
Abstract
This article provides an overview of common quenching media, the factors involved in the mechanism of quenching, and process variables, namely, surface condition, mass and section size of the workpiece, and flow rate of the quenching liquid. It describes the methods of quenchant characterization using hardening-power and cooling-power tests. The article discusses the fundamentals involved in heat-transfer coefficient and heat flux of quenching processes. This discussion is followed by various actual examples of applications of these methods using simplified equations. Quenchant evaluation, classification, selection, and maintenance are reviewed in detail. The article addresses the various reasons for quench oil variability and complications due to aging and contamination.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 September 2014
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04b.a0005932
EISBN: 978-1-62708-166-5
... generally increase the likelihood of distortion or cracking. Complex baffling patterns in the quench tank and propeller agitation, both of which often are necessary with oil and water quenchants, are not always required with a brine quench but may be required for steels with very low hardenability...
Abstract
This article describes various quenchants, namely, water and inorganic salt solutions, polymers (polyvinyl alcohol, polyalkylene glycol, polyethyl oxazoline, polyvinyl pyrrolidone and sodium polyacrylates), quench oils, and molten salts, which are used for heat treatment of ferrous alloys. It also provides information on the steps for controlling quenching performance for polymer quenchants and oils with an emphasis on measuring quenchant performance, safety measures, and oxidation.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 09 June 2014
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04c.a0005850
EISBN: 978-1-62708-167-2
... the quench collection tank removing any sludge or scale. Examine tank for damage to surface coatings and beginning of tank corrosion. As required, adjust idler rolls for any chain drives. Yearly, check the quench low-level sensor for proper function. Check brushes in the motors and drives. Replace...
Abstract
Hardness testing equipment is important as all results from the induction equipment are graded by the hardness testing equipment. This article includes maintenance tips and points to consider regarding hardness test equipment, power supplies, controls, programmable logic controllers, computer systems, water cooling systems, fixtures and machines, air-operated or pneumatic devices, coils, and quench systems. It also presents simple rules that need to be applied while moving the equipment from one location to another.
Book: Surface Engineering
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1994
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05.a0001226
EISBN: 978-1-62708-170-2
... the center frequency. For example, a transducer designed to run at 30 kHz will be driven by a generator that sweeps between 29 and 31 kHz. This technology eliminates the standing waves and hot spots in the tank that are characteristic of older, fixed-frequency generators. Autofollow circuitry is designed...
Abstract
Ultrasonic cleaning involves the use of high-frequency sound waves that is above the upper range of human heating, or about 18 kHz, to remove a variety of contaminants from parts immersed in aqueous media. This article describes the process, design considerations and the equipment in ultrasonic cleaning. The components used in the generation of ultrasonic wave include piezoelectric and magnetostrictive transducers that are used in ultrasonic generators and tanks. The effects of solution type and its temperature on the effectiveness of ultrasonic cleaning are also discussed.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 22B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 2010
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v22b.a0005530
EISBN: 978-1-62708-197-9
... be different from that in the top. When heat treating alloys that are cooling-rate sensitive, this may translate into different properties being obtained in the top and bottom parts of a component. In most industrial quench tanks, agitation is not tremendously powerful in the working area. Ducts or impellers...
Abstract
This article provides information on the boundary conditions that must be applied to model the heat-transfer coefficient (HTC) in a component being cooled. It describes the historical perspective of various experiments to determine the HTCs. Computational fluid dynamics codes have also been used to predict the HTCs around a part. The article provides information on the various modeling studies used to predict cooling rates in a component. The prediction of residual stresses by validation and optimization of residual stress models is also discussed. Several techniques, such as models neglecting and incorporating material transformation effects, used to predict residual stresses are reviewed. The article also explains the various aspects of models used to prevent cracking during heating and quenching.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 20
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1997
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v20.a0002489
EISBN: 978-1-62708-194-8
...), dimensional changes (with respect to size and shape), and, in an extreme situation, component cracking, often referred to as quench cracking. These factors (residual stresses and dimensional changes) have the greatest influence on the design process of a component. Often, the inability to produce components...
Abstract
This article presents an overview of the techniques used in the design for heat treatment and discusses the primary criteria for design: minimization of distortion and undesirable residual stresses. It provides theoretical and empirical guidelines to understand the sources of common heat treat defects. A simple example is presented to demonstrate how thermal and phase-transformation-induced strains cause dimensional changes and residual stresses. The article concludes with a discussion on the heat treatment process modeling technology.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 September 2014
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04b.a0005957
EISBN: 978-1-62708-166-5
... of the treatment ( Ref 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ). For handling batch loads of material to be heated, quenched, and tempered, quench tanks and cranes should be located in such a way that little time is lost in moving the material from the furnace into the quenching medium. In heat treating furnaces, many furnace...
Abstract
Furnaces are one of the most versatile types of industrial appliances that span many different areas of use. This article discusses the classification of various furnaces used in heat treating based on the mode of operation (batch-type furnaces and continuous-type furnaces), application, heating method, mode of heat transfer, type of materials handling system, and mode of waste heat recovery (recuperation and regeneration). It provides information on uniform temperature distribution, the general requirements and selection criteria for insulation materials, as well as the basic safety requirements of these furnaces.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 September 2014
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04b.a0005926
EISBN: 978-1-62708-166-5
...-based atmospheres, industrial gas nitrogen-base atmospheres, argon atmospheres, and hydrogen atmospheres. Atmospheres for backfilling, partial pressure operation, and quenching in vacuum are also discussed. Furnace atmospheres constitute four major groups of safety hazards in heat treating: fire...
Abstract
This article provides a detailed discussion on the types of furnace atmospheres required for heat treating. These include generated exothermic-based atmospheres, generated endothermic-based atmospheres, generated exothermic-endothermic-based atmospheres, generated dissociated-ammonia-based atmospheres, industrial gas nitrogen-base atmospheres, argon atmospheres, and hydrogen atmospheres. Atmospheres for backfilling, partial pressure operation, and quenching in vacuum are also discussed. Furnace atmospheres constitute four major groups of safety hazards in heat treating: fire, explosion, toxicity, and asphyxiation. The article reviews the fundamentals of principal gases and vapors. It describes how the evaluation of the atmospheric requirements of heat treating furnaces is influenced by factors such as cost of operation and capital investment.
1