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Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 9
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2004
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v09.a0003759
EISBN: 978-1-62708-177-1
... distribution particle shape particle size quantitative characterization quantitative metallography spatial correlations total length total surface area volume fraction IT IS THE CENTRAL PRECEPT of materials science that processing governs microstructure and the microstructure influences...
Book Chapter

By Arun M. Gokhale
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003536
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... Abstract The quantitative characterization of fracture surface geometry, that is, quantitative fractography, can provide useful information regarding the microstructural features and failure mechanisms that govern material fracture. This article is devoted to the fractographic techniques...
Book Chapter

By K.K. Sankaran, R. Perez, H. Smith
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13c.a0004128
EISBN: 978-1-62708-184-9
... geometric parameters such as pit dimensions, surface roughness, loss of metal thickness, and volume increase due to pillowing to quantitatively characterize the types of corrosion. It also explains the two most common fatigue life assessment methods used in the military aerospace industry: fatigue crack...
Image
Published: 01 December 2004
Fig. 21 Typical applications of SEM in physical metallurgy. (a) Deformation marks on the surface of a fatigued copper specimen with protuberances at glide bands. The hill-and-valley profile and the glide systems are quantitatively characterized by stereoscopic measurement of height and spacing More
Book Chapter

By Ervin E. Underwood, Kingshuk Banerji
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 12
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1987
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v12.a0001837
EISBN: 978-1-62708-181-8
... quantitative geometrical methods for characterizing nonplanar fracture surfaces. Prominent techniques for studying fracture surfaces are based on the projected images, stereoscopic viewing, and sectioning. The article provides information on various roughness and materials-related parameters for profiles...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 12
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2024
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v12.a0007033
EISBN: 978-1-62708-387-4
... quantitative comparisons of surface features. The most meaningful global attributes of a global fracture surface are its roughness, tortuosity, anisotropy, and extent of reentrant regions (folds). Roughness characterization of fracture surfaces is important for fracture mechanism analysis...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 1995
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.emde.a0003057
EISBN: 978-1-62708-200-6
... Abstract This article describes testing and characterization methods of ceramics for chemical analysis, phase analysis, microstructural analysis, macroscopic property characterization, strength and proof testing, thermophysical property testing, and nondestructive evaluation techniques...
Book Chapter

By Sidnei Paciornik, Marcos Henrique de Pinho Mauricio
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 9
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2004
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v09.a0003757
EISBN: 978-1-62708-177-1
... Abstract This article reviews the main theoretical and practical aspects of sequence normally followed in digital image-acquisition, processing, analysis, and output for material characterization. It discusses the main methods of digital imaging, image processing, and analysis, as applied...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 23
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2012
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v23.a0005686
EISBN: 978-1-62708-198-6
... infrared analysis medical devices polymeric biomaterials qualitative tests quantitative tests risk assessment thermal analysis CURRENTLY, there is a great deal of discussion about the merits of chemical and material characterization with regard to medical device biocompatibility. While it may...
Book Chapter

By Wei-Kan Chu
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 10
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1986
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v10.a0001775
EISBN: 978-1-62708-178-8
... Abstract Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) is a major materials characterization technique that can provide information in a short analysis time. It is used for quantitative compositional analysis of thin films, layered structures, or bulk materials and to measure surface impurities...
Book Chapter

By Curtis Marcott
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 10
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1986
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v10.a0001735
EISBN: 978-1-62708-178-8
... exemplifies the applications of IR spectroscopy. infrared spectroscopy qualitative analysis quantitative analysis sample preparation sampling Overview Introduction Infrared (IR) spectroscopy is a useful technique for characterizing materials and providing information on the molecular...
Book Chapter

By Raymond P. Goehner, Monte C. Nichols
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 10
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1986
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v10.a0001757
EISBN: 978-1-62708-178-8
... Introduction X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) techniques are used to characterize samples in the form of loose powders or aggregates of finely divided material. These techniques cover various investigations, including qualitative and quantitative phase identification and analysis, determination...
Book Chapter

By Paul Kulowitch
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 May 2022
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11B.a0006936
EISBN: 978-1-62708-395-9
... Abstract Of the many different nondestructive evaluation (NDE) techniques, ultrasonic inspection continues to be the leading nondestructive method for inspecting composite materials, because measurements can be quantitative and the typical defect geometries and orientations lend themselves...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 12
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2024
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v12.a0006848
EISBN: 978-1-62708-387-4
... Abstract Quantitative fractography (QF) is the examination and characterization of fracture surfaces of failed or broken-open components and specimens. This article provides examples of the application of QF to evaluate real-life fatigue failures and also a comprehensive guideline chart...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 January 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0006766
EISBN: 978-1-62708-295-2
... and procedures for the quantitative analysis. This is also helpful in determining best standards to use for the analysis. Details of the EDS and XRF techniques are discussed in the article “ X-Ray Spectroscopy ” in Materials Characterization , Volume 10 of the ASM Handbook , 2019. There are several methods...
Book Chapter

By K.H. Eckelmeyer
Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.a0003252
EISBN: 978-1-62708-199-3
.... Detecting the onset of corrosion in small components and characterizing corrosion products Resolving fine microstructural features on polished and etched metallographic samples Performing qualitative and semi-quantitative elemental analyses on microstructural features, contaminant particles, etc...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 9
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2004
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v09.a0003758
EISBN: 978-1-62708-177-1
... is organized to quickly provide solutions for the most common problems. Every effort was made to prepare this text in an easy-to-understand format; however, some knowledge from the articles “Quantitative Characterization and Representation of Global Microstructural Geometry” and “Digital Imaging...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1994
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05.a0001237
EISBN: 978-1-62708-170-2
... in smearing or alteration of the microstructure. Microstructural analysis has been used extensively for characterizing ferrous and nonferrous metals, but it is also extremely useful for characterizing advanced materials such as composites and ceramics. Traditional quantitative metallography or stereology...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 October 2011
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06a.a0005610
EISBN: 978-1-62708-174-0
... stage, the EMFC diagnostic tool provides a means for quantitatively characterizing the beam and ensuring that it exhibits the same characteristics each time it is used. During the transfer of weld parameters, the use of the EMFC diagnostic tool significantly streamlines the process by removing redundant...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 10
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 December 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v10.a0006652
EISBN: 978-1-62708-213-6
... solids Table 1 Analytical methods used for characterization of organic solids Technique(a) Elemental analysis Speciation Compound Isotopic or mass analysis Qualitative analysis (identification of constituents) Semiquantitative analysis (order of magnitude) Quantitative analysis...