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properties of structural ceramics
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Book Chapter
Effects of Composition, Processing, and Structure on Properties of Ceramics and Glasses
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 20
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1997
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v20.a0002463
EISBN: 978-1-62708-194-8
... and properties can be manipulated to obtain desired performance. Many ceramics are multicomponent systems and are affected by the specific scale, shape, and microstructural arrangement of the various phases. In addition, most ceramics contain some level of porosity and the pore structure, whether continuous...
Abstract
This article provides a discussion on various types of glasses: traditional glasses, specialty glasses, and glass ceramics. It provides information on glazes and enamels and reviews the broad classes of ceramic materials. These include whitewares, structural clay products, technical ceramics, refractories, structural ceramics, engineering ceramics, and electronic and magnetic ceramics. General processing variables that can affect structure and compositional homogeneity are discussed. Traditional ceramics that include both oxide and nonoxide ceramics are also reviewed. The article concludes with several examples of engineering ceramics.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 18
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 December 2017
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v18.a0006431
EISBN: 978-1-62708-192-4
... findings found in several comprehensive monographs. It discusses the types and properties of structural ceramics, as well as typical properties that govern the friction and wear of ceramics. The article reviews the superlow friction of silicon nitride and silicon carbide, and describes wear-protective...
Abstract
There are huge numbers of publications and data available on ceramics, especially the basic types that cover their friction, wear, tribological mechanisms, high-temperature behavior, tribochemistry, and also lubrication conditions. This article summarizes the key overall research findings found in several comprehensive monographs. It discusses the types and properties of structural ceramics, as well as typical properties that govern the friction and wear of ceramics. The article reviews the superlow friction of silicon nitride and silicon carbide, and describes wear-protective hydrated tribochemical layers. It concludes with information on the tribological applications of structural ceramics and composites.
Book Chapter
General Characteristics and Applications of Ceramics and Glasses
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 1995
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.emde.a0003049
EISBN: 978-1-62708-200-6
... Abstract This article provides an overview of the types, properties, and applications of traditional and advanced ceramics and glasses. Principal product areas for traditional ceramics include whitewares, glazes, porcelain enamels, structural clay products, cements, and refractories. Advanced...
Abstract
This article provides an overview of the types, properties, and applications of traditional and advanced ceramics and glasses. Principal product areas for traditional ceramics include whitewares, glazes, porcelain enamels, structural clay products, cements, and refractories. Advanced ceramics include electronic ceramics, optical ceramics, magnetic ceramics, and structural ceramics.
Book Chapter
Structural Ceramics
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 2
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1990
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v02.a0001107
EISBN: 978-1-62708-162-7
... Abstract This article discusses the properties and uses of structural ceramics and the basic processing steps by which they are made. It describes raw material preparation, forming and fabrication, thermal processing, and finishing. It provides information on the composition, microstructure...
Abstract
This article discusses the properties and uses of structural ceramics and the basic processing steps by which they are made. It describes raw material preparation, forming and fabrication, thermal processing, and finishing. It provides information on the composition, microstructure, and properties of aluminum oxides, aluminum titanate, silicon carbide, boron carbide, zirconia, silicon nitride, silicon-aluminum-oxynitride, and several ceramic composites. It also explains how these materials maintain their mechanical strength and dimensional tolerances at high temperatures and how some of their shortcomings are being addressed.
Book Chapter
Design Considerations for Advanced Ceramics for Structural Applications
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 1995
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.emde.a0003060
EISBN: 978-1-62708-200-6
... wheels, ceramic valves, and sliding parts. conceptual design detailed design engine component design proof testing properties of structural ceramics structural ceramics THE DESIGN PROCESS for ceramic materials is generally more complex than that for metals because of the ceramic...
Abstract
The design process for ceramic materials is more complex than that of metals because of low-strain tolerance, low fracture toughness and brittleness. The application of structural ceramics to engineering systems hinges on the functional benefits to be derived and is manifested in the conceptual design for acceptable reliability. This article discusses the design considerations for the use of structural ceramics for engineering applications. It describes the conceptual design and deals with fast fracture reliability, lifetime reliability, joints, attachments, interfaces, and thermal shock in detailed design procedure. The article provides information on the proof testing of ceramics, and presents a short note on public domain software that helps determine the reliability of a loaded ceramic component. The article concludes with several design scenarios for gas turbine components, turbine wheels, ceramic valves, and sliding parts.
Book Chapter
Characterization of Ceramics and Glasses
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 10
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 December 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v10.a0006671
EISBN: 978-1-62708-213-6
... describes the effects that the structure of raw ceramic materials and green products and processing parameters have on the ultimate structure and properties of the processed piece. The effects that trace chemistry and processing parameters have on glass properties are discussed. The article describes...
Abstract
The characterization, testing, and nondestructive evaluation of ceramics and glasses are vital to manufacturing control, property improvement, failure prevention, and quality assurance. This article provides a broad overview of characterization methods and their relationship to property control, both in the production and use of ceramics and glasses. Important aspects covered include the means for characterizing ceramics and glasses, the corresponding rationale behind them, and relationship of chemistry, phases, and microconstituents to engineering properties. The article also describes the effects that the structure of raw ceramic materials and green products and processing parameters have on the ultimate structure and properties of the processed piece. The effects that trace chemistry and processing parameters have on glass properties are discussed. The article describes mechanical tests and failure analysis techniques used for ceramics.
Book Chapter
Materials Basics for the Corrosionist
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2003
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13a.a0003711
EISBN: 978-1-62708-182-5
... Porcelain Ceramic: structural material Glaze: surface finish (modification) Properties The ASM Handbook series is a good source of information about materials properties. The primary source of information for evaluating materials properties or materials testing is ASTM International (formerly...
Abstract
This article presents an overview of the science and engineering of materials along with suitable definitions, descriptions, and examples for better understanding for corrosionists with limited field knowledge. It begins with a detailed description of various categories of engineering materials and moves into the discussion of physical properties of materials, such as the phases, strength, conductivity, and wear. The article describes the methods used in the fabrication of engineering materials and summarizes the materials and their properties in a tabular form. The article concludes with information on material design, materials applications, and materials failure analysis.
Book Chapter
Directed-Energy Deposition for Ceramic Additive Manufacturing
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 24
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 June 2020
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v24.a0006559
EISBN: 978-1-62708-290-7
... structure on the substrate is one of the main reasons leading to cracking of the sample. In addition, the physical properties of the substrate, especially the thermal conductivity, have an important influence on the microstructure of the fabricated ceramic components. Therefore, developing a more suitable...
Abstract
Directed-energy deposition (DED) is a kind of additive manufacturing (AM) technology based on synchronous powder feeding or wire feeding. This article provides a comprehensive coverage of DED for ceramic AM, beginning with an overview of DED equipment setup, followed by a discussion on DED materials and the DED deposition process. The bulk of the article is devoted to the discussion on the microstructure and properties of oxide ceramics, namely alumina and zirconia ceramics.
Book Chapter
Introduction to the Mechanical Behavior of Nonmetallic Materials
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 8
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2000
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v08.a0003255
EISBN: 978-1-62708-176-4
... Abstract This article reviews the fundamental relationships between microstructure and mechanical properties for major classes of nonmetallic engineering materials: metals, ceramics and glasses, intermetallic compounds, polymers, and composites. It details the structures of inorganic...
Abstract
This article reviews the fundamental relationships between microstructure and mechanical properties for major classes of nonmetallic engineering materials: metals, ceramics and glasses, intermetallic compounds, polymers, and composites. It details the structures of inorganic crystalline solids, inorganic noncrystalline solids, and polymers. The article describes the various strengthening mechanisms of crystalline solids, namely, work hardening, solid-solution hardening, particle/precipitation hardening, and grain size hardening. Deformation and strengthening of composite materials, polymers, and glasses are reviewed. The article concludes with information on the two important aspects of the mechanical behavior of any class of engineering material: fatigue response and fracture resistance.
Book: Composites
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003351
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
... forms available for composite fabrication. The Section begins with articles that provide coverage of the various fibers and matrices used in composites, including their structure, chemistry, and properties. Constituent Material Forms For the engineer, knowledge of the constituent material...
Abstract
This article provides a summary of the concepts discussed in the articles under the Section “Constituent Materials” in ASM Handbook, Volume 21: Composites. The Section describes the major matrix resins and reinforcing fibers used in composite materials, as well as some of the intermediate material forms available for composite fabrication.
Book Chapter
Crystallography and Engineering Properties of Ceramics
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 1995
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.emde.a0003059
EISBN: 978-1-62708-200-6
... structure, density, mechanical properties, physical properties, electrical properties, thermal properties, and magnetic properties. ceramics crystallographic data diamond electrical properties engineering data graphite magnetic properties mechanical properties physical properties thermal...
Abstract
This article provides crystallographic and engineering data for single oxide ceramics, zirconia, silicates, mullite, spinels, perovskites, borides, carbides, silicon carbide, boron carbide, tungsten carbide, silicon-nitride ceramics, diamond, and graphite. It includes data on crystal structure, density, mechanical properties, physical properties, electrical properties, thermal properties, and magnetic properties.
Book Chapter
Preparation and Microstructural Analysis of High-Performance Ceramics
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 9
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2004
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v09.a0003795
EISBN: 978-1-62708-177-1
... categories; structural and functional ceramics. While optimization of structural ceramics is directed toward improved mechanical properties, the performance of components produced from functional ceramics is controlled by electrical, magnetic, dielectric, or optical properties. Therefore, restrictions...
Abstract
Microstructural analysis reveals many important details about the qualities and capabilities of high-performance ceramics. This article explains how to prepare ceramic samples for imaging and the imaging technologies normally used. It describes sectioning, mounting, grinding, and polishing as well as ceramographic etching. It discusses common imaging approaches, including scanning electron microscopy and thin-section polarized light techniques, a type of optical microscopy. The article also addresses microstructural classification, examining detailed micrographs from samples of aluminum oxide, zirconium dioxide, aluminum nitride, silicon carbide, and piezoelectric ceramics.
Book Chapter
Properties and Performance of Ceramic-Matrix and Carbon-Carbon Composites
Available to PurchaseBook: Composites
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003449
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
... of materials designed to retain the attractive properties of monolithic ceramics, while enhancing their reliability for structural applications. Although strictly speaking almost any multiphase ceramic can be classified as a DR-CMC, the materials referred to in this section are those in which discrete...
Abstract
This article discusses the mechanisms for enhancing the reliability of three types of ceramic-matrix composites: discontinuously reinforced ceramic-matrix composites, continuous fiber ceramic composites, and carbon-carbon composites. It also presents examples of their mechanical and physical properties. Examples that illustrate the properties of commercially available materials are also provided.
Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.a0003168
EISBN: 978-1-62708-199-3
... Handbook . Corrosion testing of ceramic materials is not common practice because the corrosion of oxide ceramics used for structural implants is very low. However, ceramics do show degradation of properties in vivo. Polycrystalline ceramics of the alumina type show loss in static strength when exposed...
Abstract
Biomaterials are the man-made metallic, ceramic, and polymeric materials used for intracorporeal applications in the human body. This article primarily focuses on metallic materials. It provides information on basic metallurgy, biocompatibility, chemistry, and the orthopedic and dental applications of metallic biomaterials. A table compares the mechanical properties of some common implant materials with those of bone. The article also provides information on coatings, ceramics, polymers, composites, cements, and adhesives, especially where they interact with metallic materials.
Book Chapter
Material Extrusion Based Ceramic Additive Manufacturing
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 24
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 June 2020
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v24.a0006562
EISBN: 978-1-62708-290-7
... applications, they likely will not be used where low porosity and excellent mechanical strength is needed, such as structural ceramics. In many cases, the mechanical properties of these parts are so poor that they are not even reported in papers and technical reports. According to Zocca, et al. ( Ref 19...
Abstract
This article is a review of the material extrusion-based ceramic additive manufacturing (MECAM) processes. The discussion begins with details of extrusion with filament and paste, covering the most popular variants of paste extrusion-based MECAM techniques that can be differentiated based on paste type and the method of shape retention of the deposited layer: extrusion freeforming, robocasting ceramic on-demand extrusion, and freeze-form extrusion fabrication. The article then focuses on post-processing considerations and the mechanical properties of sintered ceramic parts. It concludes with information on innovation opportunities in ceramic additive manufacturing, such as incorporating UV-curing and gelation in the process and producing geometrically complex structures from shapeable green bodies.
Book Chapter
Design and Engineering Properties of Glasses
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 1995
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.emde.a0003066
EISBN: 978-1-62708-200-6
... Abstract This article describes the chemical composition, physical properties, thermal properties, mechanical properties, electrical properties, optical properties, magnetic properties, and chemical properties of glasses, glass-matrix composites, and glass-ceramics. chemical properties...
Abstract
This article describes the chemical composition, physical properties, thermal properties, mechanical properties, electrical properties, optical properties, magnetic properties, and chemical properties of glasses, glass-matrix composites, and glass-ceramics.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 20
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1997
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v20.a0002490
EISBN: 978-1-62708-194-8
... from clay-based systems. The article “Effects of Composition, Processing, and Structure on Properties of Ceramics and Glasses” in this Volume provides a brief discussion of many of the plastic cements (monolithics, gunning mixes, ramming compounds) that are applied and fired in situ. These materials...
Abstract
This article provides an overview of the steps that are used in ceramics processing and related mechanical design considerations. It discusses various design approaches, such as the empirical design, the deterministic design, and the probabilistic design. The article presents a general process design flowchart for ceramic processing. Information on traditional ceramics and advanced ceramics is also provided. The article describes various ceramic forming processes, such as wet processing, plastic forming, dry processing, and machining. The factors for evaluating different ceramic forming processes are summarized in a table. The article discusses vitrification and sintering that generally pertain to ceramic firing and concludes with a discussion on firing process factors.
Book Chapter
Traditional Applications for Ceramics
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 1995
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.emde.a0003051
EISBN: 978-1-62708-200-6
... and advanced manufacturing techniques are often used where these materials are employed. This article examines several traditional ceramics, including structural clay, whiteware, glazes, enamels, portland cements, and concrete. It also provides a detailed account of fabrication methods, properties...
Abstract
Traditional ceramics, one of two general classes, are commonly used in high-volume manufacturing to make building materials, household products, and various industrial goods. Although there is a tendency to equate traditional ceramics with low technology, sophisticated processes and advanced manufacturing techniques are often used where these materials are employed. This article examines several traditional ceramics, including structural clay, whiteware, glazes, enamels, portland cements, and concrete. It also provides a detailed account of fabrication methods, properties, and applications. As an example, common applications for structural clay include facing materials, load-bearing units, pavers, and ceramic tiles.
Book Chapter
Ceramic-Matrix Composites
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 1995
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.emde.a0003063
EISBN: 978-1-62708-200-6
... be grown into whiskers, which often show mechanical properties approaching theoretical limits as calculated from atomic structure. Many types of ceramic whiskers have been synthesized, but those based on SiC are most common. Silicon Carbide Whiskers (SiC<sub>w</sub>) Silicon carbide whiskers (SiC w...
Abstract
Ceramic-matrix composites (CMCs) are being developed for a number of high-temperature and high-performance applications in industrial, aerospace, and energy conservation sectors. This article focuses on processing, fabrication, testing, and characterization methods of CMCs, namely, discontinuously reinforced composites and continuous-fiber-reinforced composites. Processing methods include cold pressing, sintering, hot pressing, reaction bonding, melt infiltration, directed metal oxidation, sol-gel and polymer pyrolysis, self-propagating high-temperature synthesis and joining. A table summarizes the properties of various ceramic reinforcements and industrial applications of these composites.
Book Chapter
Failure Analysis of Ceramic-Matrix Composites
Available to PurchaseBook: Composites
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003469
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
... Abstract Interpretation of failures of ceramic-matrix composites, and in particular continuous fiber reinforced ceramic-matrix composites is complicated by the complex structure of the composite material. This article describes the failure characteristics and evidence of failure mechanisms...
Abstract
Interpretation of failures of ceramic-matrix composites, and in particular continuous fiber reinforced ceramic-matrix composites is complicated by the complex structure of the composite material. This article describes the failure characteristics and evidence of failure mechanisms of these composites, with illustrations.
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