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Book Chapter

By Roy T. King
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0001818
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... Abstract This article discusses the effect of using unsuitable alloys, metallurgical discontinuities, fabrication practices, and stress raisers on the failure of a pressure vessel. It provides information on pressure vessels made of composite materials and their welding practices. The article...
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Published: 01 January 1987
Fig. 177 Fractured shell of an 865-mm (34-in.) diam pressure vessel fabricated from a 32 by 2440 by 9145 mm (1 1 4 by 96 by 360 in.) plate of ASTM A515, grade 70, steel for pressure vessels. The shell broke during testing at an internal gage pressure of 8.3 MPa (1.2 ksi More
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Published: 01 January 1987
Fig. 182 View of the top segment of the fractured pressure-vessel shell in Fig. 177 , showing an area just to the right of the area in Fig. 181 . Again, chevron marks are visible and consistently point to the right. 0.25× More
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Published: 01 January 1987
Fig. 186 View of the top segment of the fractured pressure-vessel shell in Fig. 177 , showing an area of the fracture surface just to the right of the crack nucleus. Note that here the chevron marks clearly point to the left, toward the fracture origin. The crack ends at far right, where More
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Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 11 Large thick-wall pressure vessel that failed because of cracking in weld HAZ. (a) Configuration and dimensions (given in inches). (b) Shattered vessel. (c) General appearance of one fracture surface; arrow points to facet at fracture origin. (d) Enlarged view of region at arrow in (c More
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Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 15 Cracks in pressure vessel made of ASTM A515 carbon steel lined with type 405 stainless steel. Failure occurred at plug welds because of dilution of weld metal. (a) Micrograph of specimen through weld area etched in acid cupric chloride showing ASTM A515 carbon steel (top), interface More
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Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 21 Large enclosed cylindrical pressure vessel that failed by SCC because of caustic embrittlement by potassium hydroxide. (a) View of vessel before failure and details of nozzle and tray support. Dimensions given in inches. (b) Micrograph showing corrosion pits at edge of fracture surface More
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Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 28 Fracture path of failed pressure vessel. The arrows indicate the direction of crack propagation as determined from the chevron markings on the fracture faces. The letters identify the individual plates. More
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Published: 01 January 2005
Fig. 20 Contour forming of a pressure vessel head using a (a) full male die and a (b) partial male die More
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Published: 01 January 1996
Fig. 20 Corrosion fatigue in 2.25Cr-1Mo pressure-vessel steel in hydrogen due to hydrogen embrittlement at high Δ K and to reduced oxide-induced closure at low Δ K. Stress ration = 0.05. Source: S. Suresh and R.O. Ritchie, Metals Science , Vol. 16, 1982, p 529–538 More
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Published: 01 January 1989
Fig. 4 Boring, turning, and facing a 55 × 10 3 kg (60 ton) steel pressure vessel. Dimensions in figure given in inches Operating conditions for boring Workpiece hardness, HB 165–170 Speed, roughing and finishing, at 20 rev/min, m/min (sfm) 89.3 (293) Feed, mm/rev (in./rev More
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Published: 01 December 2004
Fig. 33 Atom map of the solute distribution in a neutron-irradiated pressure vessel steel in which each sphere represents the position of an individual atom. The iron atoms are omitted for clarity. Three nanometer-sized copper-enriched precipitates are visible on either side of a lath boundary More
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Published: 01 December 2008
Fig. 16 Pressure vessel cast upright More
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Published: 01 August 2018
Fig. 7 Natural acoustic emission burst-type signal in steel pressure vessel recorded using a 150 kHz resonance sensor More
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Published: 30 August 2021
Fig. 28 (a) Large thick-walled pressure vessel that failed because of cracking in weld heat-affected zone (dimensions given in inches). (b) Shattered vessel. (c) General appearance of one fracture surface; arrow points to facet at fracture origin. (d) Enlarged view of region at arrow in (c More
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Published: 30 August 2021
Fig. 29 Cracks in pressure vessel made of ASTM A515 carbon steel lined with type 405 stainless steel. Failure occurred at plug welds because of dilution of weld metal. (a) Micrograph of specimen through weld area etched in acid cupric chloride showing ASTM A515 carbon steel (top), interface More
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Published: 30 August 2021
Fig. 45 Fracture path of failed pressure vessel. The arrows indicate the direction of crack propagation as determined from the chevron markings on the fracture faces. The letters identify the individual plates More
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Published: 30 August 2021
Fig. 85 Large enclosed cylindrical pressure vessel that failed by stress-corrosion cracking because of caustic embrittlement by potassium hydroxide. (a) View of vessel before failure and details of nozzle and tray support (dimensions given in inches). (b) Corrosion pits at edge of fracture More
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Published: 01 January 2003
Fig. 19 Corrosion fatigue in 2.25Cr-lMo pressure vessel steel in dry hydrogen at 23 °C (73 °F) due to hydrogen embrittlement at high Δ K and to reduced oxide-induced closure at low Δ K . Stress ratio: R = 0.05. RH, relative humidity. Source: Ref 66 More
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Published: 01 December 1998
Fig. 12 Fracture in a welded pressure vessel of 4340 steel displaying a flat origin at the top with a shear lip beginning on either side of it. The shear lip increases in width with increasing distance from the origin. The radial marks below the origin and the chevron patterns to the left More