Fig. 44 Pouring system with the retracted pouring furnace and stopper ladle in a traveling bridge structure over the forming belt. Source: Ref 38 More

Fig. 5 Pouring furnace, with 20 t (22-ton) utility capacity and pouring basin for a double stopper. Courtesy of ABP Induction Systems More

Fig. 4 Cross section of a mold and pouring basin of a tilt-pouring machine. Pouring basin is filled when mold is horizontal, and mold is tilted to upright position to fill the cavity. Source: Adapted from Ref 3 . Courtesy American Foundry Society More

Fig. 7 (a) Typical pouring spout design and (b) pouring spout positioning during casting. ID, inside diameter; OD, outside diameter More

Fig. 3 Cross section of a mold and pouring basin of a tilt-pouring machine. Pouring basin is filled when mold is horizontal. Mold is tilted to upright position to fill the cavity. Source: Adapted from Ref 2 More

Fig. 14 Automatic pouring into molds on continuously moving line. (a) Pouring into flaskless molds on an indexing line from bottom-pour unit with stopper rod. (b) Synchronized pouring on a continuously moving line with mechanized ladles capable of x -axis and y -axis travel More

Fig. 36 Pouring system with the retracted pouring furnace and stopper ladle in a traveling bridge structure over the forming belt More

Fig. 35 Variants of a pressure-actuated pouring device with stopper dosing (teapot system). (a) Heated with channel inductor. (b) Heated with crucible inductor. (c) Unheated. Source: Ref 37 More

Fig. 36 Cross section through the pouring vessel of an unheated, pressurized pouring system with floor channel. Source: Ref 37 More

Fig. 37 Temperature drop in an unheated pouring device in dependence on the throughput for different pouring vessel heat losses. Source: Ref 37 More

Fig. 39 Magnesium fading in a pressurized pouring furnace applying different levels of gas and varying forming times. Source: Ref 39 More

Fig. 40 Magnesium content of the iron melt in the pouring basin over the course of a working day. Source: Ref 42 More

Fig. 41 View of a newly lined unheated, pressurized pouring system reserve vessel with floor channel. Source: Ref 43 More

Fig. 42 Magnesium and sulfur content of cast iron melts in the pouring basin over the course of a working day. Source: Ref 43 More

Fig. 43 Melt temperatures in the transport ladle before tapping and in the pouring basin over a production time of 4 h at 7.2 tons/h pouring output. Source: Ref 43 More

Fig. 45 Stopper actuated by an electric motor for automatic pouring and nozzle cleaning. Courtesy of ABP Induction Systems More

Fig. 46 Principle of closed pouring-level control. Source: Ref 45 More

Fig. 49 Diagram of a wire-encased inoculant in the pouring basin of a pressure-actuated pouring device. Source: Ref 45 More

Fig. 50 Modified pouring head with stirrer for stirring in inoculant. Source: Ref 41 More

Fig. 51 Monitoring functions of the pouring plant control system. Source: Ref 37 More