Search Results for polyphenylene sulfide

Advanced thermoplastics are stiff, moldable plastics that compete with traditional engineering thermoplastics and thermosets owing to their good tensile, compressive, impact, and shear strength, electrical properties, and corrosion resistance. This article discusses commercial forms, family characteristics, properties and applications of the following advanced thermoplastics: homopolymer and copolymer acetals, fluoropolymers, ionomers, polyamides, polyamide-imides, polyarylates, polyketones, polyaryl sulfones, polybutylene terephthalates, polycarbonates, polyether-imides, polyether sulfones, polyethylene terephthalates, thermoplastic polyimides, liquid crystal polymers, polyphenylene ether blends, polyphenylene sulfides, and polysulfones.

This article is a comprehensive collection of tables that list the values for hardness of plastics, rubber, elastomers, and metals. The tables also list the tensile yield strength and tensile modulus of metals and plastics at room temperature. A comparison of various engineering materials, on the basis of tensile strength, is also provided.

This article is a comprehensive collection of engineering tables providing information on the mechanical properties of and the techniques for processing and characterizing polymeric materials, such as thermosets, thermoset-matrix unidirectional advanced composites, and unreinforced and carbon-and glass-reinforced engineering thermoplastics. Values are also provided for chemical resistance ratings for selected plastics and metals, and hardness of selected elastomers.

This article discusses the classification of the attachment and joining methods in plastics, including mechanical fastening, adhesive bonding, solvent bonding, and welding. It describes the mechanical fastening techniques used to join both similar and dissimilar materials with machine screws or bolts, nuts and washers, molded-in threads, self-threading screws, rivets, spring-steel fasteners, press fits, and snap fits. The article explains solvent bonding used for thermoplastic parts, and tabulates the solvent types used with various plastics. It also describes the surface preparation of plastics, chemical treatment for adhesion, and tabulates the adhesive types for bonding plastics to plastics and plastics to nonplastics. The article briefly describes the welding processes of thermoplastics, including fusion welding (hot-tool, hot gas, extrusion, and focused infrared), friction welding (vibration, spin, and ultrasonic), and electromagnetic welding (resistance, induction, dielectric, and microwave). It concludes with the evaluation of welds using destructive and nondestructive testing.

Polymers and polymer composites have become attractive for tribological applications due to their specific material properties. This article begins by discussing the fundamentals of polymer friction and wear. It summarizes the main polymer materials used in tribological applications. The article explains the effects of load, sliding velocity, and temperature on the friction coefficient. It describes three types of wear modes, namely, abrasive, adhesion, and fatigue. The article discusses the frictional behavior of polymer composites and polymer coatings. It concludes by providing information on tribotesting of polymers and polymer composites.

This article focuses on manufacturing-related failures of injection-molded plastic parts, although the concepts apply to all plastic manufacturing processes It provides detailed examples of failures due to improper material handling, drying, mixing of additives, and molecular packing and orientation. It also presents examples of failures stemming from material degradation improper use of metal inserts, weak weld lines, insufficient curing of thermosets, and inadequate mixing and impregnation in the case of thermoset composites.

Tribology is the science and technology of interacting surfaces in relative motion or, the study of friction, wear, and lubrication. This article focuses on friction and wear processes that aid in the evaluation and selection of materials, for polymers and some composites used in friction and wear applications. It provides information on friction, types of wear, and lubrication. The article includes a brief description of the friction and wear test methods, laboratory-scale friction, and wear testing, usually performed either to rank the performance of candidate materials for an application or to investigate a particular wear process. It describes the wear tests conducted with/without abrasives and explains the concept of PV limit (where P is contact pressure and V is velocity). The article concludes with references and tables of friction and wear test data for polymeric materials.

This introductory article describes the various aspects of chemical structure that are important to an understanding of polymer properties and thus their eventual effect on the end-use performance of engineering plastics. The polymers covered include hydrocarbon polymers, carbon-chain polymers, heterochain polymers, and polymers containing aromatic rings. The article also includes some general information on the classification and naming of polymers and plastics. The most important properties of polymers, namely, thermal, mechanical, chemical, electrical, and optical properties, and the most significant influences of structure on those properties are then discussed. A variety of engineering thermoplastics, including some that are regarded as high-performance thermoplastics, are covered in this article. In addition, a few examples of commodity thermoplastics and biodegradable thermoplastics are presented for comparison. Finally, the properties and applications of six common thermosets are briefly considered.

The process of coating plastics with metals for functional purposes is called metallizing of plastics. This article discusses the metallizing of plastics, provides information on its history, and gives a short note on applications and adhesion properties of metallic coatings. It also discusses the selection of plastics for plating. This article also describes metallizing techniques, including plating (electrolytic or electroplating), vacuum metallizing and thermal spraying, and environmental considerations. The article discusses the quality assurance procedures for metallized plastic parts which include tests that assess the quality of the finish, coating thickness, adhesion, and corrosion resistance, and gives a short note on service performance, which includes service condition classifications.

This article describes the most significant tests to characterize the properties of constituent materials. It discusses the chemical, physical, and mechanical tests for determining the properties of reinforcement fibers and fabrics. The article provides information on some of the basic materials used for thermoset and thermoplastic resin matrices. It reviews the identification of the individual characteristics of thermoset and thermoplastic resin along with the test methods normally used for their determination. The article contains a table that lists properties and tests for uncured and cured thermoset-matrix resins and prepregs.

This article is a compilation of abbreviations, symbols, and tradenames for terms related to the properties, selection, processing, and applications of the most widely used nonmetallic engineering materials.

The susceptibility of plastics to environmental failure, when exposed to organic chemicals, can limit their use in many applications. A combination of chemical and physical factors, along with stress, usually leads to a serious deterioration in properties, even if stress or the chemical environment alone may not appreciably weaken a material. This phenomenon is referred to as environmental stress cracking (ESC). The ESC failure mechanism for a particular plastics-chemical environment combination can be quite complex and, in many cases, is not yet fully understood. This article focuses on two environmental factors that contribute to failure of plastics, namely chemical and physical effects.

Advanced thermoplastic composites possess impact resistance, fracture toughness, and elevated temperature endurance properties due to their melt-fusible nature. This article presents the material options available for thermoplastic composites such as pseudothermoplastics, post-impregnated thermoplastics, and true thermoplastics. It describes the processing methods of thermoplastic composites, including weaving, seaming, autoclaving, preconsolidation, roll consolidation, roll forming/pultruding, thermoforming, press forming, hydroforming, and diaphragm forming. The article provides information on different types of joints, namely, fastened, adhesive bonded, dual polymer bonded, co-consolidated, and welded joints. It explains the joining methods of thermoplastic composites, such as press forming, diaphragm forming, autoclaving, ultrasonic welding, resistance welding, and induction welding.

Polymeric materials that possess similar solubility parameters can be joined using a variety of polymer joining techniques. This article describes commonly available fusion-welding techniques such as joining methods, key joining parameters, and the application areas of each joining method. The techniques are hot-tool, hot-gas, extrusion, focused infrared, laser, friction, vibration, spin, ultrasonic, and electromagnetic welding techniques (resistance, induction, dielectric, and microwave welding). The article concludes with a discussion on welding evaluation methods.