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polymeric materials
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Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 1995
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.emde.a0003002
EISBN: 978-1-62708-200-6
... Abstract This article is a comprehensive collection of engineering tables providing information on the mechanical properties of and the techniques for processing and characterizing polymeric materials, such as thermosets, thermoset-matrix unidirectional advanced composites, and unreinforced...
Abstract
This article is a comprehensive collection of engineering tables providing information on the mechanical properties of and the techniques for processing and characterizing polymeric materials, such as thermosets, thermoset-matrix unidirectional advanced composites, and unreinforced and carbon-and glass-reinforced engineering thermoplastics. Values are also provided for chemical resistance ratings for selected plastics and metals, and hardness of selected elastomers.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 May 2022
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11B.a0006871
EISBN: 978-1-62708-395-9
... Abstract This article presents a general overview of outdoor weather aging factors, their effects on the performance of polymeric materials, and the accelerated test methods that can be used to investigate those effects. These test methods are used to characterize material performance when...
Abstract
This article presents a general overview of outdoor weather aging factors, their effects on the performance of polymeric materials, and the accelerated test methods that can be used to investigate those effects. These test methods are used to characterize material performance when subjected to specific, often controlled, and well-defined factors. The article also presents an overview of weathering instrument types that simulate outdoor stress factors.
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Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 23 Basic elements of polymeric materials. (See Table 1 for explanation of locations). Source: Ref 6
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Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 6 Differential scanning calorimetry used to identify polymeric materials by determination of their melting point.
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Published: 01 November 1995
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Published: 01 November 1995
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Published: 15 January 2021
Fig. 23 Basic elements of polymeric materials. (See Table 1 for explanation of locations). Source: Ref 7
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Published: 15 December 2019
Fig. 5 Differential scanning calorimetry used to identify polymeric materials by determination of their melting point. Source: Ref 6
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Published: 15 May 2022
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Published: 15 May 2022
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in Characterization of Plastics in Failure Analysis
> Characterization and Failure Analysis of Plastics
Published: 15 May 2022
Fig. 7 Differential scanning calorimetry used to identify polymeric materials by determination of their melting point
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in Effects of Composition, Processing, and Structure on Properties of Engineering Plastics
> Characterization and Failure Analysis of Plastics
Published: 15 May 2022
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Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 18 Change in behavior of a polymeric material with increasing strain rate and/or decreasing temperature. (a) Brittle behavior. (b) Limited ductility behavior. (c) Cold drawing behavior. (d) Rubbery behavior. Curve (a) could represent testing below the glass transition temperature. Source
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Published: 15 January 2021
Fig. 19 Change in behavior of a polymeric material with increasing strain rate and/or decreasing temperature. (a) Brittle behavior. (b) Limited ductility behavior. (c) Cold drawing behavior. (d) Rubbery behavior. Curve (a) could represent testing below the glass transition temperature. Source
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in Extrusion-Based Three-Dimensional Bioprinting Technology
> Additive Manufacturing in Biomedical Applications
Published: 12 September 2022
Fig. 2 Complete overview of layer-by-layer deposition of polymeric material for fabrication of tissue engineering construct. CT, computed tomography; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; CAD, computer-aided design. Source: Ref 22 . Creative Commons License (CC BY-ND 4.0), https
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Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 May 2022
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11B.a0006944
EISBN: 978-1-62708-395-9
... crazing and fracture in polymeric materials, with a review of the behavior of the elastic modulus as a function of temperature or time parameters, emphasizing the importance of the viscoelastic nature of their deformation and fracture. The discussion covers the behavior of polymers under stress, provides...
Abstract
The discussion on the fracture of solid materials, both metals and polymers, customarily begins with a presentation of the stress-strain behavior and of how various conditions such as temperature and strain-rate affect the mechanisms of deformation and fracture. This article describes crazing and fracture in polymeric materials, with a review of the behavior of the elastic modulus as a function of temperature or time parameters, emphasizing the importance of the viscoelastic nature of their deformation and fracture. The discussion covers the behavior of polymers under stress, provides information on ductile and brittle behaviors, and describes craze initiation in polymers and crack formation and fracture by crazing. Macroscopic permanent deformation of polymeric materials caused by shear-yielding and crazing, which eventually can result in fracture and failure, is also covered.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 23
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2012
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v23.a0005676
EISBN: 978-1-62708-198-6
... Abstract Polymers offer a wide range of choices for medical applications because of their versatility in properties and processing. This article provides an overview of polymeric materials and the characteristics that make them a unique class of materials. It describes the ways to classify...
Abstract
Polymers offer a wide range of choices for medical applications because of their versatility in properties and processing. This article provides an overview of polymeric materials and the characteristics that make them a unique class of materials. It describes the ways to classify polymers, including the polymerization method, how the material deforms, or molecular origin or stability. The article contains tables that list common medical polymers used in medical devices. It explains the medical polymer selection criteria and regulatory aspects of materials selection failure analysis and prevention. Failure analysis and prevention processes to determine the root cause of failures that arise at different stages of the product life cycle are reviewed. The article describes the mechanisms of plastic product failure analysis. It discusses the trends in the use of medical polymers, such as high-performance polymers for implants, tissue engineering, and bioresorbable polymers.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 23
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2012
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v23.a0005686
EISBN: 978-1-62708-198-6
... describes infrared (IR) and thermal analyses that are used extensively to fingerprint polymeric materials. It also presents a discussion on the chemical characterization and risk assessment of extracts. Background information on risk assessments of extracts is also included. The four basic steps...
Abstract
This article provides a background to the biological evaluation of medical devices. It discusses what the ISO 10993 standards require for polymeric biomaterials and presents examples of qualitative and quantitative tests that can be used to satisfy these requirements. The article describes infrared (IR) and thermal analyses that are used extensively to fingerprint polymeric materials. It also presents a discussion on the chemical characterization and risk assessment of extracts. Background information on risk assessments of extracts is also included. The four basic steps that are commonly used in the risk assessment process are discussed. These include hazard identification, dose-response assessment, and exposure assessment, and risk characterization.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 May 2022
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11B.a0006921
EISBN: 978-1-62708-395-9
... information on the common aging mechanisms of polymeric materials and the common accelerated testing methods used to obtain relevant data that are used with the prediction models that enable service life assessment. Beginning with a discussion of what constitutes a product failure, this article then reviews...
Abstract
The lifetime assessment of polymeric products is complicated, and if the methodology utilized leads to inaccurate predictions, the mistakes could lead to financial loss as well as potential loss of life, depending on the service application of the product. This article provides information on the common aging mechanisms of polymeric materials and the common accelerated testing methods used to obtain relevant data that are used with the prediction models that enable service life assessment. Beginning with a discussion of what constitutes a product failure, this article then reviews four of the eight major aging mechanisms, namely environmental stress cracking, chemical degradation, creep, and fatigue, as well as the methods used in product service lifetime assessment for them. Later, several methods of service lifetime prediction that have gained industry-wide acceptance, namely the hydrostatic design basis approach, Miner's rule, the Arrhenius model, and the Paris Law for fatigue crack propagation, are discussed.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 18
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 December 2017
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v18.a0006382
EISBN: 978-1-62708-192-4
... materials, and polymeric materials. It discusses factors that influence abrasive wear, including the environment, hardness, toughness, microstructure, and lubrication. abrasive wear surface-damage sand rubber wheel abrasion tester abrasion resistance ceramic materials polymeric materials...
Abstract
Abrasive wear is a surface-damage process with material loss caused by hard asperities or abrasive particles occurring when two surfaces are sliding against each other. There are two types of abrasive wear: two-body abrasion and three-body abrasion. This article discusses the abrasive wear mechanism in ductile materials and commonly used testers for evaluating the resistance of materials to abrasive wear. The testers include pin-on-disk, block-on-ring, block-on-drum, and dry sand/rubber wheel abrasion tester. The article reviews the abrasion resistance of metallic materials, ceramic materials, and polymeric materials. It discusses factors that influence abrasive wear, including the environment, hardness, toughness, microstructure, and lubrication.
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