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Published: 01 January 2005
Fig. 2 Effect of plating bath type on the corrosion resistance of chromium. The chromium deposit thicknesses were 25 μm (1 mil), and the corrosion testing was conducted according to ASTM B 117. Samples were electroplated from high-efficiency etch-free, fluoride, and conventional baths under More
Image
Published: 01 January 2005
Fig. 3 Effect of plating bath type on the corrosion resistance of chromium. The chromium deposit thicknesses were 13 and 25 μm (0.5 and 1 mil), and the corrosion testing was conducted according to ASTM B 117. Samples were electroplated from a high-efficiency etch-free bath under optimal More
Book Chapter

By L.M. Weisenberger, B.J. Durkin
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1994
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05.a0001242
EISBN: 978-1-62708-170-2
... Abstract This article provides a detailed account of the various alkaline and acid plating baths used for electrolytic copper plating. Dilute cyanide and Rochelle cyanide baths, high-efficiency sodium and potassium cyanide baths, alkaline noncyanide copper plating baths, and alkaline copper...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.a0003215
EISBN: 978-1-62708-199-3
... Abstract Copper can be electrodeposited from numerous electrolytes. Cyanide and pyrophosphate alkalines, along with sulfate and fluoborate acid baths, are the primary electrolytes used in copper plating. This article provides information on the chemical composition, plating baths, and operating...
Book Chapter

By Allen W. Grobin, Jr.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1994
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05.a0001249
EISBN: 978-1-62708-170-2
... Abstract This article focuses on the electrodeposition of indium and its alloys, such as indium-antimony, indium-gallium, and indium-bismuth, in nonaqueous indium plating baths. It also provides information on the stripping of indium plate from plated components and presents an overview...
Book Chapter

By Milton F. Stevenson, Sr.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1994
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05.a0001247
EISBN: 978-1-62708-170-2
... of cadmium plating with attention to the materials of construction and equipment used. The article provides a description of the selection of plating method with examples, applications, and several postplating processes of cadmium plating. anode system bath temperature brighteners cadmium plating...
Book Chapter

By A. Sato
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1994
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05.a0001248
EISBN: 978-1-62708-170-2
... Abstract Commercial zinc plating is accomplished by a number of distinctively different systems: cyanide baths, alkaline noncyanide baths, and acid chloride baths. This article focuses on the composition, advantages, disadvantages, operating parameters, and applications of each of the baths...
Book Chapter

By George B. Rynne
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1994
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05.a0001251
EISBN: 978-1-62708-170-2
..., and applications of lead plating. electrolytes fluoborate baths fluosilicate baths lead anodes lead plating methane sulfonic acid baths stripping sulfamate baths LEAD has been deposited from a variety of electrolytes, including fluoborates, fluosilicates, sulfamates, and methane sulfonic acid...
Book Chapter

By Daniel T. Schwartz
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1994
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05.a0001260
EISBN: 978-1-62708-170-2
... of the species to be deposited, or plating can take place sequentially by moving the electrode between multiple plating baths that contain individual species of interest. From a throughput standpoint, single bath plating techniques are preferred, although not all electrolyte chemistries and species redox...
Book Chapter

By James H. Lindsay, Donald L. Snyder
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1994
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05.a0001244
EISBN: 978-1-62708-170-2
... on the operating conditions of various chromium plating parameters: bath composition, temperature, voltage, anode materials, and current density. These parameters need to be considered for obtaining high quality decorative chromium coatings. An overview of plating problems encountered in chromium plating...
Book Chapter

By Jean W. Chevalier
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1994
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05.a0001266
EISBN: 978-1-62708-170-2
... is for uniformly plating hollow articles that cannot be successfully plated by electrolytic deposition because their shape results in bad electric field distribution. Properties of Electroless Gold Films Depending on bath chemistry, the color of electroless gold films varies from pale yellow to dark brown...
Book Chapter

By Sue Troup-Packman
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1994
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05.a0001246
EISBN: 978-1-62708-170-2
.... These include chloride, sulfate, sulfamate, fluoroborate, sulfonate, and various combinations of these electrolytes. Perhaps the widest use of iron plating has been in electroforming, where thicknesses of 6 mm (0.25 in.) are common. The bath parameters of these electroplating solutions are as varied...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.a0003216
EISBN: 978-1-62708-199-3
... Abstract This article describes the steps, bath composition and characteristics, equipment, plating rate, deposit thickness, and applications for different types of nonelectrolytic deposition processes, including electroless nickel plating, electroless copper plating and mechanical plating...
Book Chapter

By Cheryl A. Deckert
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1994
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05.a0001265
EISBN: 978-1-62708-170-2
... of electroless copper in various applications. This article provides information on the bath chemistry and deposit properties of electroless copper and discusses the applications of electroless copper plating, such as printed wiring boards, decorative plating-on-plastic, electromagnetic interference shielding...
Image
Published: 01 January 1994
Fig. 5 Plate thickness deposited on the cross section of a cube-shape workpiece to show throwing power of cadmium relative to that of silver or copper in a cyanide bath. Open ends of the 100 mm (4 in.) cubes were pointed toward ball anodes during plating. Plating bath Thickness ratio More
Book Chapter

By Alfred M. Weisberg
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1994
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05.a0001253
EISBN: 978-1-62708-170-2
.... This price level and the daily variability of its price have required chemists and engineers to severely limit the concentration of gold in the plating solution. Nickel, alkaline copper, and silver are typically plated from solutions that contain 37 g of metal per liter of plating bath. Acid copper is plated...
Book Chapter

By Donald W. Baudrand
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1994
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05.a0001264
EISBN: 978-1-62708-170-2
... Abstract Electroless nickel plating is used to deposit nickel without the use of an electric current. This article provides an overview of the solution composition and characteristics of the electroless nickel bath. It focuses on the metallurgical, mechanical and physical properties...
Book Chapter

By B. Mishra
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13c.a0004218
EISBN: 978-1-62708-184-9
... but pose significant health and safety hazards for the operator. The toxic and carcinogenic effects of hexavalent chromium baths for hard-chromium plating are well established. The effluent gaseous emissions from typical metal finishing operations are listed in Table 8 with reference to emissions from...
Book Chapter

By Allen R. Jones
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13b.a0003833
EISBN: 978-1-62708-183-2
... microribbon structures after etching. The density of microribbons in chromium deposits varies from 0 to more than 1200 ribbons/cm (3000 ribbons/in.), primarily depending on bath chemistry, current density, and temperature. The number of microribbons increases with the concentration of catalyst in the plating...
Image
Published: 01 January 1994
Fig. 2 Thickness of gold as a function of time for an immersion electroless gold plating bath More