Fig. 82 Three typical theoretical examples of thermal stresses and plastic strains in ingot cores during the heating process of high-carbon-chromium steel ingots during heating. (Subscripts r, t, and z are radial, tangential, and axial stresses and strains, respectively.) Source: Ref 178 More

Fig. 6 Flow stress as a function of (a) plastic work or (b) plastic strain for an aluminum alloy 6111-T4 sheet sample measured in balanced biaxial tension (bulge test) and uniaxial tension for directions at every 15° from the rolling direction. (c) Fit of Voce law to bulge-test data over two More

Fig. 85 Fracture obtained by first plastic straining in torsion and then straining in tension. The fracture appearance becomes more characteristic of the first strain increment as the first strain increment increases in magnitude. Source: Ref 4 More

Fig. 85 Fracture obtained by first plastic straining in torsion and then straining in tension. The fracture appearance becomes more characteristic of the first strain increment as the first strain increment increases in magnitude. Source: Ref 4 More

Fig. 32 Dependence of stress for first detectable plastic strain (∼0.0001) on retained austenite content. OQ, oil quenched; T, tempered; AQ, air quenched. Source: Ref 60 More

Fig. 12 Plastic-strain ratio ( r ) versus limiting draw ratio for different metals. Source: Ref 1 More

Fig. 44 Close-up view of finite element (FE) predicted plastic strain distribution after flat hemming More

Fig. 26 Changes of plastic strain rate within each cycle. Source: Ref 146 More

Fig. 5 True stress versus plastic strain (log-log coordinates) More

Fig. 15 True stress versus plastic strain for cyclic response (log-log coordinates) More

Fig. 19 Log plastic strain versus log reversals to failure of 4340 steel. Source: Fatigue Design Handbook , SAE More

Fig. 31 Hysteresis loop illustrating development of plastic strain from initial “elastic” response More

Fig. 10 Effect of global plastic strain on E / E 0 for differently heat-treated MB78 + 15% 13 mm SiC p DRA materials. SA, solution annealed; UA, underaged; OA, overaged. Source: Ref 12 More

Fig. 18 Temperature dependence of flow stresses for equivalent true plastic strain ε p , of 0.002, 0.04, 0.08, 0.16, and 0.24. Source: Ref 16 More

Fig. 19 Predicted temperature, hoop stress, and equivalent plastic strain (PEEQ) for modeled elastic-plastic material at the end of 3 s heating period. More

Fig. 20 Predicted temperature, hoop stress, and equivalent plastic strain (PEEQ) for modeled elastic-plastic material after spray quenching the heated material in Fig. 19 . More

Fig. 6 Equivalent plastic strain distribution for straight tools (flat dies). (a) Section in die plane. (b) 45° to die plane. Courtesy of GFM-GmbH More

Fig. 7 Equivalent plastic strain distribution for 8° entrance angle on tool. (a) Section in die plane. (b) 45° to die plane. Courtesy of GFM GmbH More

Fig. 10 Correlation of von Mises plastic strain and bonded area. Source: Ref 24 More

Fig. 12 Distribution of plastic strain as a function of location and vibration cycle. The X -direction is parallel to the sonotrode vibration direction. The origin is the center of the contact surface. Source: Ref 25 More