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plasma melting furnaces

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Book: Casting
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 15
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v15.a0005205
EISBN: 978-1-62708-187-0
... the sources of atmospheric contamination in plasma melting furnaces and their control measures. The equipment used in plasma melting furnaces are also discussed. The article provides a detailed discussion on various plasma melting processes, such as plasma consolidation, plasma arc remelting, plasma cold...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 1A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 August 2017
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v01a.a0006337
EISBN: 978-1-62708-179-5
... of specialized cupolas such as cokeless cupola and plasma-fired cupola. Melting in iron foundries is a major application of induction furnaces. The article describes the operations of two induction furnaces: the channel induction furnace and the induction crucible furnace. It explains the teapot principle...
Image
Published: 01 December 2008
Fig. 10 Cold crucible plasma melting. (a) Melting, pouring, and superheating for powder atomization. (b) Industrial-sized plasma cold crucible casting furnace with 650 kW torch power More
Book Chapter

Book: Casting
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 15
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v15.a0005199
EISBN: 978-1-62708-187-0
... in the United States. Some other processes, such as the open-hearth furnace, are still practiced in a few countries to produce special steels. Primary melt refinement also includes the uses of converters, which are furnaces in which oxygen is blown through a bath of molten metal, oxidizing the impurities...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05a.a0005742
EISBN: 978-1-62708-171-9
... ingredients of iron in the form of iron ore, coke, and lime, which are fed into a blast furnace to produce molten iron. The molten iron is mixed with recycled steel scrap and further processed in a basic oxygen furnace to make steel. The electric arc furnace melts recycled steel scrap. The molten steel...
Book Chapter

By G. Keough
Book: Casting
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 15
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v15.a0005203
EISBN: 978-1-62708-187-0
... in titanium primary melting. Recently, much of the melting of titanium sponge has been converted to plasma cold hearth (PCH) melting. Also, some of the largest rectangular ingots produced for rolling into sheet are now made on large multimegawatt electron beam (EB) furnaces. The total tonnage of material...
Book: Casting
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 15
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v15.a0005197
EISBN: 978-1-62708-187-0
... portion of the cupola known as the well, where it is discharged into the foundry from the taphole by intermittent tapping or by continuous flow of molten metal and slag. Melting in cupola furnaces dates back several centuries to old cask-type units that were blown with hand-pumped bellows and hand...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 09 June 2014
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04c.a0005900
EISBN: 978-1-62708-167-2
... vacuum degassing vacuum induction furnaces vacuum induction melting AT THE BEGINNING of the last century Wilhelm Rohn became a pioneer in the melting and treating of metals in the vacuum induction melting (VIM) furnace. But it took more than 30 years before vacuum-melting technologies could...
Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.a0003173
EISBN: 978-1-62708-199-3
... of the furnace, standing it up in the center of the furnace. The molten alloy contacts the furnace wall only briefly during pouring, and there is little or no reaction with the wall. Other power sources may be used in vacuum melting, such as plasmas or electron beams. However, these melting methods...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 09 June 2014
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04c.a0005895
EISBN: 978-1-62708-167-2
... Abstract In the metal producing and processing industries, induction melting and holding has found wide acceptance. This article provides a detailed account of the physical principles of induction melting processes. It discusses the fundamental principles and components of induction furnaces...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 09 June 2014
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04c.a0005907
EISBN: 978-1-62708-167-2
... . The main operational problem of furnaces is energy supply to melt at low temperatures, which requires the special regime of initial heating. In ICFs, for example, heating by gas burner (see Fig. 1 ) or by plasma, as well as by inserting the molybdenum ring (Mo-ring), are used. Cold and inductor...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04a.a0005791
EISBN: 978-1-62708-165-8
... methods of steel. These methods include direct-current plasma nitriding, pulsed-current plasma nitriding, and active-screen plasma nitriding. The article reviews cold-walled and hot-walled furnaces used for plasma nitriding. It provides information on the importance of controlling three process parameters...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 24A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 June 2023
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v24A.a0007021
EISBN: 978-1-62708-439-0
... of furnace melting mechanisms include: Induction melting Plasma arc cold hearth Water-cooled copper induction skull melting Contactless electrode induction melting Vacuum induction melt inert gas atomization (VIGA, Fig. 3a ) can produce the highest- quality or cleanest melt...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4D
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 October 2014
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04d.a0005958
EISBN: 978-1-62708-168-9
.... atmosphere furnaces austenitizing fluidized-bed furnaces gas nitriding heat treatment plasma nitriding quenching salt bath furnaces salt bath nitrocarburizing tempering tool steel vacuum furnaces THE HEAT TREATMENT of tool steels covers an extremely wide variety of different requirements...
Book Chapter

By John C. Bittence
Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.a0003222
EISBN: 978-1-62708-199-3
... and Procedures for Small Operations A major step in scrap processing is size reduction. Large items must be cut to simplify handling, increase density, and to enable them to be charged into a furnace. For small-scale scrap processing, gas-cutting, plasma-arc, or carbon-arc torches are the tools...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 7
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 September 2015
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v07.a0006079
EISBN: 978-1-62708-175-7
... efficiency (yield) of an electrode is calculated as: ( A ÷ B ) × 100 = R where A is the deposited weld metal, B is the weight of melted core wire, and R is the deposition efficiency (yield). Both the deposition efficiency (yield) and performance of welding electrodes can...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 October 2011
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06a.a0005580
EISBN: 978-1-62708-174-0
... processes for joining metals. By the application of intense heat, metal at the joint between two parts is melted and caused to intermix directly or, more commonly, with an intermediate molten filler metal. Upon cooling and solidification, a metallurgical bond results. Since the joining is by intermixture...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 2
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1990
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v02.a0001118
EISBN: 978-1-62708-162-7
... (125 tons) of metal per production cycle. This requires not only a high melt rate in large melt furnaces, but also a minimal charge time. The present rectangular open hearth furnace construction is practically limited in size to about a 30 m 2 (320 ft 2 ) bath area. Cylindrical furnace construction...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1994
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05.a0001280
EISBN: 978-1-62708-170-2
... such a base coat, the adhesion of the oxide may be inadequate. Coating rates during flame spraying are slow, usually in the range of 16 to 410 cm 3 /h (1 to 25 in. 3 /h). All oxides that can be flame sprayed and those with higher melting points can be applied by plasma spraying. In general, plasma...
Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.a0003197
EISBN: 978-1-62708-199-3
...). Graphite construction permits higher operating temperatures useful for a multipurpose furnace, whereas ceramic construction is well suited for vacuum carburizing because it can be safely operated in air at process temperatures for die quenching or for facilitating soot removal. Plasma (Ion) Carburizing...